1 Introduction

Emphasis was placed on the importance of foreign language disciplines, especially Russian language majors, in building international communication capabilities in the context of the new era. General Secretary Xi Jinping's speech and related policy documents highlight the strategic position of foreign language talent cultivation, requiring foreign language education not only to cultivate students' professional skills, but also to strengthen curriculum ideological and political construction, cultivate compound talents with patriotism, global vision, and professional abilities. The "Russian Language Professional Guide" sets clear goals for the cultivation of Russian language professionals, but there is a gap between the current curriculum and knowledge system construction of Russian language majors and these requirements. It is necessary to adjust the talent cultivation concept, innovate the curriculum system, and reconstruct the knowledge system to meet the needs of the country's foreign exchange and economic and social development. The Russian Language Teaching Guidance Subcommittee of the Teaching Guidance Committee for Foreign Language and Literature Majors in Higher Education Institutions of the Ministry of Education conducted a survey on the curriculum and knowledge system construction of Russian language majors in universities across the country, and put forward improvement suggestions.

2 Research Design

This chapter explores the current situation, difficulties, and challenges of the curriculum system and knowledge system of Russian majors in universities across the country, as well as the measures and achievements of constructing characteristic direction courses and innovative knowledge systems. The study collected data through a questionnaire survey, covering 161 universities across the country, with an effective questionnaire response rate of 74%. The questionnaire design is guided by an expert group and consists of five modules, covering curriculum system construction, innovation of characteristic courses and knowledge systems, interdisciplinary construction, teacher development, and difficulties and suggestions faced.

Overall situation of the construction of the curriculum and knowledge system for Russian majors in three national universities

A detailed discussion was conducted on the current situation and development trends of the curriculum and knowledge system construction of Russian majors in universities across the country. The curriculum system is divided into three categories: Russian language specialized courses, general elective courses, and specialized courses. The courses in the Russian major focus on language knowledge and literature, while elective courses in general education cover fields such as history, culture, and social sciences. Specialized courses emphasize interdisciplinary integration, such as "Russian+Humanities", "Russian+Social Sciences", and "Russian+Science and Engineering". Although characteristic oriented courses are still in the exploratory stage, their importance in the construction of new liberal arts is increasingly prominent.

The difficulties faced by the construction of the curriculum and knowledge system of Russian majors in universities across the country

The construction of the curriculum and knowledge system for Russian majors in universities across the country is facing many difficulties. The number of specialized courses is insufficient, mainly concentrated in traditional fields, lacking directions such as national and regional studies, comparative literature, and cross-cultural studies. The curriculum system failed to fully respond to the demand of the "the Belt and Road" construction for compound Russian talents. The construction of professional characteristic courses is uneven, especially the lack of courses based on corpus technology. The Chinese language and national conditions materials are not adequately reflected in textbooks, and relevant content needs to be added to tell the story of China. The cultivation of international communication skills has not received sufficient attention, and it is necessary to strengthen the training of applied foreign language talents with international discourse awareness. The introduction of interdisciplinary teaching staff is difficult, and the existing teaching staff has a single disciplinary background, which makes it difficult to meet the needs of the "Russian+" series of characteristic courses. In addition, teachers' digital literacy and skills need to be improved.

5 Strategies and Suggestions for Improving the Curriculum and Knowledge System Construction of Russian Language Majors in Colleges and Universities

The paper chapter on the innovation and reform direction of the curriculum and knowledge system of Russian majors in universities proposes five strategies and suggestions. Firstly, it is recommended that Russian majors in universities integrate national discourse awareness, optimize knowledge supply, and cultivate students' international communication abilities by offering interdisciplinary courses and increasing the content of the Chinese characteristic discourse system. Secondly, it is advocated to enrich knowledge in cross disciplinary fields, connect with regional and national research needs, and cultivate high-level compound Russian language talents. Thirdly, based on Chinese practical elements, promote the integration of traditional culture and contemporary governance stories into the classroom, and develop textbooks that reflect China's stance and achievements. Fourth, strengthen the composite knowledge structure, enhance the construction of interdisciplinary teacher teams in the Russian language major, and introduce or cultivate teachers with knowledge in multiple fields. Finally, introducing the concept of digital humanities, promoting the construction of a digital Russian language teaching resource platform, enhancing teachers' digital information capabilities, and cultivating students' digital humanities literacy.

6 Conclusion

The innovation of the curriculum and knowledge system for Russian majors in universities across the country is facing challenges, with imbalances between regions and universities. The academic community needs to strengthen theoretical innovation, formulate policy recommendations, and promote the overall improvement of the Russian language major. We look forward to universities revising their talent development plans and innovating their curriculum systems to contribute to the construction of world-class Russian undergraduate majors with Chinese characteristics and promote the high-quality development of Russian language education and teaching.