Li Bai's poetry holds an important position in the Western poetry world, and in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it sparked a strong interest among European and American poets, who participated in creative rewriting. They discovered the aesthetic conception and philosophical implications of the East from Li Bai's poetry, recognized the value of ancient Chinese poetry, and gained inspiration for the innovation of modern Western poetry. The academic community mainly studies the historical transmission of Li Bai's poetry to the West and the rewriting of Li Bai's poetry by Western poets. However, the commonalities and differences in the rewriting of Li Bai's poetry by poets from different countries deserve further exploration. This study analyzes the characteristics, mechanisms, and purposes of poets from different countries rewriting Li Bai's poetry, explores its relationship with social and literary contexts, and explores the laws and spaces of dialogue and mutual learning between Chinese and Western literature.

1、 Tracing the Path of the Spread of Li Bai's Poetry in the Western Poetry World

In the 1870s, two important translations of ancient Chinese poetry in the French speaking world, "Selected Poems of the Tang Dynasty" and "Jade Book," opened up the dissemination of Li Bai's poetry in the West. The Selected Poems of the Tang Dynasty "is the first complete Western translation of Tang poetry, including 97 works by Li Bai. Although the rhythm and poetry are insufficient, the content is faithful and the annotations are rich, allowing Western readers to appreciate the expressive techniques and ideological connotations of Li Bai's poetry for the first time. The Book of Jade includes 13 poems by Li Bai, with a free style and a greater emphasis on the presentation of exotic romantic elements. These two works were quickly translated into multiple languages and spread throughout Europe and America. The German poetry scene first sparked a frenzy of rewriting Li Bai's poetry, and poets such as Demer and Holtz were inspired by Li Bai's poetry to create works with cross-cultural dialogue. Betteger's "Chinese Flute" includes 15 poems by Li Bai, which had a profound impact and inspired Austrian composer Gustav Mahler to create the symphony "Song of the Earth". In the English speaking world, Pound's "Shenzhou Collection" sparked a craze for Chinese poetry in the context of the New Poetry Movement, and young American poets turned to Chinese poetry for inspiration. The Imagist female poet Lowell's "Songhua Jian" includes 99 poems by Li Bai, accounting for more than two-thirds of the entire collection. The influence of Li Bai's poetry in the European and American poetry circles is profound, not only occupying an important position in terms of quantity, but also having a significant impact, forming a network of dialogue between Chinese and Western poetry.

2、 The Common Method of Western Poets Rewriting Li Bai's Poetry: "Character Removal" and "Image Coexistence"

Western poets mainly use two methods when rewriting Li Bai's poetry: collaborating with people who understand Chinese for translation and interpretation, or creating secondary works based on existing blueprints. These rewritten works deviate from the original work to some extent, but emphasize their poetic and aesthetic values. Western poets deal with the aesthetic features of Li Bai's poetry through two typical techniques: "disassembling characters" and "juxtaposing images". They find the pictographic and ideographic features of Chinese characters novel and regard them as innovative resources. For example, Gautier and Lowell enhanced the visual and auditory effects of poetry by adding imagery through word breaking. Although German poets do not directly decipher words, they still draw inspiration from them. European and American poets imitated the technique of "imagery juxtaposition" in ancient Chinese poetry, omitting logical markers and creating rich artistic realms. Krabang and Pound practiced this technique in rewriting, reflecting the innovative influence of Li Bai's poetry on Western poetry. Although Western poets did not master Chinese, they sensitively captured the unique Chinese poetic features of Li Bai's poetry and attempted to reproduce these features through mechanical means, providing new expressive techniques for the development of modern poetry in Europe and America.

3、 Romantic, Philosophical, and Modern: The Artistic Reconstruction of Li Bai's Poetry in the Western Poetry Circle

European and American poets have shown similarities in rewriting Li Bai's poetry, but they also have their own focuses. French poets emphasize the romantic exotic style and concise form of Li Bai's poetry, German poets delve deeply into its ideological content, and American poets focus on poetic inspiration, correcting traditional poetry with a true and natural poetic style. French poets found similarities between Chinese and European characteristics in Li Bai's poetry, such as the expression of individual freedom, liberation, and melancholic and painful emotions. German poets regard Li Bai's poetry as an Eastern echo of Nietzsche's Dionysian spirit and philosophy of life, and poets such as Krabband seek spiritual solutions through Li Bai's poetry. American poets such as Pound and Lowell drew inspiration from Li Bai's poetry for imagery and lyricism, promoting the modernization of American poetry. Li Bai's personality and the exotic romantic style, ideological connotation, and poetic features of his poetry met the psychological needs of Western poets in the early 20th century, becoming a "stone from another mountain" for them to express themselves.

4、 Conclusion

At the beginning of the 20th century, the "Li Bai craze" in the European and American poetry scene was divided into two routes: the French origin, the German climax, and the American new poetry movement. European and American poets use similar methods such as "character disassembly" and "image juxtaposition" when rewriting Li Bai's poetry, but the emphasis of poets in different countries is different. French poets focus on exotic romanticism, German poets draw on Eastern wisdom, and English and American poets oppose traditional poetic styles. Li Bai's poetry contains "global factors" that transcend time, space, national language, and culture, promoting the development of modern Western poetry. The processing and rewriting of Western poets give Li Bai's poetry a new face, promoting the exchange and mutual learning of world literature and poetry.