1、 Introduction

The study of overseas Sinology in the Chinese academic community began in the 1980s and 1990s, emphasizing the importance of translation in Sinology research, especially in non English Sinology research papers. The chapter points out the influence of the geopolitical relationship between Russia and China on Russian Sinology, and outlines three types of Russian Sinology: travelogue Sinology, missionary Sinology, and academic Sinology, among which the academic Sinology has the most abundant achievements. Special mention was made of the publication of the Russian version of "A General History of China", which is a new milestone in Russian Sinology research and provides a comprehensive account of Chinese history. The chapter also emphasizes the uniqueness of Russian Sinology research, especially in the use of different literature and objective and comprehensive research methods. Finally, the chapter mentions the lag in Chinese academic research on Russian Sinology, as well as the importance of translating the Russian version of "A General History of China" in promoting Chinese Russian Sinology research.

2、 Academic Nature: The Essential Attribute of Sinological Translation

Sinological translation requires translators to possess academic rigor and professionalism, which is reflected in the formal style of the translated text. Unlike literary translation, sinological translation places more emphasis on scientificity and avoids overly vivid expressions, in order to conform to the rigor and objectivity of historical works. Translators need to have a deep understanding of the translation object, and excellent sinological translations should achieve a combination of translation and research. If the translator is an expert, they can better understand and evaluate the original work, and provide more accurate translations. The use of parallel text helps to provide background knowledge and improve translation quality. For example, when translating the description of the selection system for officials in the Han Dynasty, the translator needs to accurately understand and convey the relationship between unconventional selection forms and the conventional examination system. When dealing with the content related to the Yellow Turban Uprising, the translator needs to supplement necessary cultural information to make the translation logically clear. Academic translation pursues scientificity, but it is not mechanical translation, but rather reasonable conversion and supplementation based on a deep understanding. The translator presents personal academic exploration through prefaces, annotations, and other forms to enhance the academic value of the translated work.

3、 Historical Authenticity: A Prominent Feature of Sinological Translations in Historical Studies

Discussed the issue of historical authenticity in the translation of Chinese historical works. Emphasizing that translation should respect history and be based on historical facts, although the Russian version of "A General History of China" is presented in Russian, its content involves Chinese history and culture, making translation unique. Translators need to be faithful to the original work, as well as to the objective facts and cultural knowledge of the target language. The principle of historical authenticity requires translators to correct intellectual errors in the original work, such as deviations in Chinese Russian transliteration and misreading of white characters. The translator also needs to cite historical materials to verify the errors in the original work, such as the inaccurate description of the political struggle between the Eastern Han scholar bureaucrats and the eunuch group. In addition, translators should conduct in-depth translation, reflect academic judgment and thinking, and endow translated works with academic quality. For example, extending "обособленость" to "Chinese self-identity" is more in line with historical facts and Confucian cultural cognition. Translators need to verify and thoroughly understand the original text from multiple sources, and adhere to the principle of academic translation that emphasizes truth and practicality.

4、 Acceptability principle: evaluation criteria for the effectiveness of Sinology translation and introduction

The importance of the principle of acceptability in the translation of academic works was discussed, emphasizing that translation should enable the target language readers, especially professionals, to understand. Academic translation needs to find a balance between faithful original text and fluent translation. At the linguistic level, translation should consider reader factors and lean towards the acceptability of the translated text. Taking the Russian version of "A General History of China" as an example, the principle of acceptability is reflected in aspects such as conforming to Chinese language norms in writing, converting/adjusting word meanings, and reconstructing sentences. Russian writing avoids simple vocabulary repetition, while Chinese is accustomed to repetition, and literal translation may cause confusion for readers. Translators need to accurately grasp the context and avoid misleading information. For example, translating "Yellow River Plain region" as "Kanto region" to avoid misunderstandings. The concepts of "separated" and "not separated" in translation are dialectically unified, and moderate adjustments can improve the readability of the translation. The translation of academic works not only needs to conform to Chinese expression habits, but also needs to transform thinking patterns, such as rearranging sentence structures. The sentence structure of Chinese is different from that of Western languages, and the advantages of semantic coherence in Chinese should be fully utilized. For example, Russian relative clauses may not necessarily be translated into Chinese with a proper structure, but the word order should be adjusted based on logical relationships. Chinese emphasizes musicality, and the use of four character phrases can enhance the vividness of the translation. Making good use of Chinese idioms can evoke emotional resonance in readers, such as using "The Walking Dead" to describe the relationship between eunuchs and bureaucrats, which is more appropriate than literal translation.

5、 Conclusion

The Russian version of "General History of China" meets the needs of Russian readers for Chinese history and culture, providing a knowledge foundation for building the image of China in Russian society. The Chinese translation of this work helps to comprehensively understand Russian scholars' understanding of Chinese history, politics, society, and culture, and promotes the strategic partnership between the two countries. As a popular science academic work, the Russian version of "A General History of China" lacks literary annotations, which poses difficulties for translation. The translator adheres to the principle of authenticity and practicality in the translation process, interprets the original work with an academic research attitude, polishes the translated work, strives to objectively reproduce historical truth and the original viewpoint, and pays attention to the language processing of the target language to ensure the readability of the translation. The publication of a complete set of Chinese translations requires coordination and cooperation among project teams and translators, strict adherence to academic translation standards, unified translation tables, accurate restoration of Chinese literature, standardized translator annotation forms, proofreading and supplementary appendices, and comparison index tables to ensure the professional level of translated works. Inviting Chinese historical experts to review the translation content, in order to present high-quality Russian Sinology translations, promote academic dialogue between China and Russia, and provide reference ideas and methods for historical research in our country.