1、 The Content and Characteristics of Beijing Dialect in "Qing Dynasty Enlightenment"

The Qing Dynasty cultivated Manchu Chinese language translation talents through the Eight Banners Official School and the Translation Examination, promoting the development of Manchu Chinese bilingual textbooks. The Qingwen Enlightenment "is one of the most widely circulated Manchu Han hybrid documents, compiled by the Qiren Wuge and published in the eighth year of Yongzheng. This textbook reflects the phonetic, lexical, and grammatical characteristics of Manchu language, records the language usage of Manchu people, and provides a guarantee for the cultivation of translation talents. The content of "Qingwen Enlightenment" is easy to understand and the arrangement is progressive, including the Manchu phonetic system, writing rules, Manchu Chinese oral conversations, and rules for using Manchu function words. It is a textbook example with modern significance. In the mid Qing Dynasty, Beijing Mandarin became the mainstream Mandarin, and the language of the Inner City Banner people in Manchu Chinese bilingual conversation textbooks became an important source for the compilation of Beijing dialect textbooks at home and abroad. As a representative Manchu Chinese bilingual textbook, 'Qingwen Enlightenment' became a teaching material for Manchu or Beijing dialect after spreading overseas. This article will investigate and analyze the dissemination process of "Qing Dynasty Enlightenment" in Europe and East Asia, explore the understanding and compilation concepts of foreign scholars on the combination of Manchu and Han literature, and provide reference for the study of overseas dissemination of ancient Chinese literature.

2、 The reception and influence of "Qing Dynasty Enlightenment" in Europe

The acceptance and influence of "Qing Dynasty Enlightenment" in Europe are mainly reflected in Russia, Britain, Italy, and France. Russia was the first country to apply the "Qing Dynasty Enlightenment" to Manchu language teaching, starting in the early 18th century. Ilarion Rossokhin, a member of the Russian Orthodox Mission in Beijing, introduced "Qing Enlightenment" to Russia for the first time and conducted Manchu language teaching at the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Subsequently, Russian scholars such as Anton Grigoryevich Vladkin, Joseph Mikhailovich Voytsekhovsky, and Vasily Pavlovich Vasilyev developed Manchu language textbooks based on the "Enlightenment of the Qing Dynasty" and used them in educational institutions such as Kazan University and St. Petersburg University. At the end of the 19th century, with the increasing activities of Russia in the Far East and Northeast China, the Oriental Academy was founded in Vladivostok, and Manchu became one of the main courses. "Qing Enlightenment" continued to be used as a textbook.

3、 Translation and Teaching of 'Qing Dynasty Enlightenment' in East Asia

Explored the translation and teaching situation of "Qingwen Enlightenment" in East Asia. In order to cultivate language translation talents, the Joseon Dynasty established the Institute of Translation in 1393, which taught the "Four Studies" including Manchu. The book 'Enlightenment of Qing Literature' has been adapted into textbooks for both primary and secondary education, such as' Jie Jie Mongolian Language 'and' Same Literature Category Explanation: Quotations Explanation '. Jiejie Mongolian "is a Mongolian language textbook for the Translation Institute, which includes 29 dialogues in Mongolian language, with annotations and Manchu Mongolian translations for comparison. Among them, 17 dialogues are selected from the Manchu" Guide to the Book of Qing "and" Enlightenment of the Qing Dynasty ". The "Tongwen Classification Explanation" is a Chinese Korean Manchu trilingual reference dictionary, and the appendix "Quotations Explanation" is a Manchu grammar explanation, mainly referring to the "Qing Book Guide" and "Qing Wen Enlightenment". In Japan, Shotaro Watanabe, a teacher at Osaka Foreign Language School, adapted "Qingwen Enlightenment and Han Manchu Dialect" into Manchu language textbooks "Manchu Conversation Reader" and "Manchu Common Language Reader". The latter provides detailed Manchu, Manchu Romanization, and Japanese word for word translation, meeting the needs of Japanese students for Manchu oral learning.

4、 The Reasons and Value of the Out of Domain Dissemination of 'Qingwen Enlightenment'

As a product of cultural exchange between China and foreign countries during the Qing Dynasty, the dissemination of "Qing Wen Enlightenment" was mainly driven by its bilingual teaching characteristics, which met the needs of people outside the region to learn Manchu and Chinese. In East Asia, due to linguistic similarities, this textbook is directly used for Manchu language teaching, while in Europe, scholars use Western linguistic theories to analyze its grammar concepts, promoting the interaction between Chinese and Western linguistic ideas. The value of "Qing Dynasty Enlightenment" in cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries is reflected in three aspects: providing Manchu oral materials and stimulating the interest of Western scholars in language comparative research; It conveyed the distinctive cultural concepts of the Qing Dynasty's Beijing banner people and showcased the social customs and realities of the banner people; Its bilingual presentation provides convenience for foreigners to understand Chinese language and culture. The dissemination experience of this textbook has important enlightening significance for the overseas dissemination of Chinese culture.