1、 Introduction

Explored the differentiation and development of Jesuit missionary strategies in China under the background of the "Rites Controversy" in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Matteo Ricci advocated for "cultural adaptation" and adopted an indirect preaching approach based on the upper academic line; Long Huamin, on the other hand, attaches great importance to "gospel conservation" and carries out direct preaching of lower level spirituality. Both strategies originated from their missionary practice in Shaozhou, Guangdong. Long Huamin's experience in folk missionary work in Shaozhou prompted the Jesuit missionary strategy to shift from the literati class to the common people class, which had an impact on Matteo Ricci's Confucian and missionary views. Longhua Min opposes Matteo Ricci's preaching strategy and advocates that the "pure gospel" of Christianity deviates from the rational faith of Confucian believers. His proposed "conservative translation and etiquette route" and "direct preaching movement among the common people" became representatives of the non adaptive policies of Jesuit culture. The article aims to reproduce the historical situation and development process of the conservative missionary strategy of the Jesuits in China during the late Ming Dynasty.

2、 Shaozhou, Guangdong: The Emergence of Civilian Spiritual Cultivation and Missionary Strategies

Long Huamin was a pioneer of Jesuit missionary work in China. During his time in China, he held important positions and promoted cultural exchanges between the East and the West. He was born in Sicily, Italy. After joining the Jesuits, he went to Asia in 1596 and was eventually sent to China. In Shaozhou, the people of Longhua adapted to local life and adopted a different missionary strategy from Matteo Ricci, focusing on naturalizing the common people and directly conveying the teachings. He expounds Christian doctrine through traditional methods such as debate and spiritual inspiration, emphasizing the purity and heterogeneity of doctrine. Long Huamin's missionary activities were concentrated in rural areas, discussing faith with farmers and merchants, emphasizing equality among all people, and attracting many ordinary believers. His method is based on the soul experience of Ignatius Loyola, spreading Catholic doctrine through direct preaching and folk spiritual activities. Long Huamin achieved significant results in his missionary work in Shaozhou, establishing China's first church and attracting a large number of believers in a short period of time. His preaching style has attracted the attention of Jesuits in China, in contrast to Matteo Ricci's academic preaching route.

3、 The development and challenges of direct evangelism

Matteo Ricci conceived the "indirect academic missionary strategy" during his time in Beijing in 1601, emphasizing the continuity of culture and Christian doctrine, and prioritizing the development of high-level believers. He gained the trust of literati, was knowledgeable in Chinese culture, praised Confucianism with the help of Western books, criticized Buddhism and Taoism, and imparted scientific knowledge to enhance his reputation, preparing for the large-scale naturalization of commoners. Matteo Ricci's elite adaptation policy is aimed at achieving the overall evangelization of China. In his correspondence with the Vice President of the Far East Province, Bafanji, he clarified his missionary approach, emphasizing that the prerequisite for carrying out missionary work is to gain the trust of scholars and officials, and that missionaries must appear as scholars and sages.

4、 Conclusion

Pointing out the differences in missionary strategies between Matteo Ricci and the Roman Catholic Church, Matteo Ricci adopted a cultural adaptation strategy, while the Roman Catholic Church placed greater emphasis on Christian doctrine. Long Huamin's direct preaching method is based on the experience of Shaozhou, aiming to restore the purity and integrity of the church, promote the transformation of the Jesuit missionary route towards the common people, and increase the number of believers in China.