Explored the dissemination process of Chinese characters in Vietnam, from the establishment of prefectures in the Qin Dynasty to the historical background of the abolition of Chinese characters. Point out the maturity of Vietnamese Chinese character literature in literature, history, and philology research, while pointing out the shortcomings of philology and lexicology research. By analyzing the dissemination of the Kangxi Dictionary in Vietnam, the limitations of Vietnamese scholars in compiling dictionaries and literature have been revealed. The article selected typological literature from the collections of the Vietnamese Han'nan Research Institute and the National Library of Vietnam, and conducted an in-depth examination from the perspectives of philology and lexicology, aiming to provide a new perspective for the study of Vietnamese Chinese characters and supplement new materials for the research of the dissemination of dictionaries such as the Kangxi Dictionary.

1、 The main content of "Character Learning Training"

The "Training of Character Studies" is the culmination of Vietnamese Chinese character studies literature, written by Li Zhi (Gu Yu) in 1877. This literature extensively includes about 530 Chinese characters in their original form and nearly a thousand variant forms, covering the forms found in literature such as "The Song of Character Learning Excellence". In terms of annotations, in addition to explaining the form, sound, and meaning of Chinese characters, references were also made to Sino Vietnamese historical legends, folk anecdotes, etc., providing in-depth explanations of the origin and use of character shapes, and adding the author's annotations.

2、 The Training of Character Learning and Vietnamese Character Learning

The Vietnamese literature on character studies includes "Training on Character Studies", "Song of Character Study Excellence", "Character Inspection", "Four Character Poetry on Character Studies", and "Four Character Poetry on Ancient Foolishness and Righteousness". Most of these documents are written in Chinese, with some interspersed with cursive script. They standardize Chinese character strokes through character analysis, and are divided into main text and annotations. The main text mostly adopts the form of four character poetry. The "Training on Character Learning" and the "Four Character Poetry on Character Learning" were both written by the same author, Li Zhi. The former inherited and developed the latter in terms of character shapes, four character poetry, and annotations. The preface and four character poems of "Jianzi" and "Zixue Siyan Shi" are highly similar, but there are differences in annotations, which may be an adapted version of Li Zhi's works. The content and order of "Four Character Poetry of Ancient Foolishness" and "Four Character Poetry of Character Learning" are almost identical, and the annotations are roughly the same, which may be Chinese character textbooks under the same train of thought. The "Training of Character Learning" repeatedly cites the "Song of Character Learning Excellence", which was compiled by Du Huiwan and written in 1870, and has multiple versions. The "Training of Character Learning" may have referred to a version of the "Song of Character Learning Refinement", and there are differences in some content between the two books, which may be due to differences in the literature itself.

3、 Character Learning Training and Kangxi Dictionary

The correlation between the "Zixue Xunmeng" and the "Kangxi Dictionary" is reflected in their standards for determining morality and customs, which are mostly formulated based on the "Kangxi Dictionary". In some cases, the "Zixue Xunmeng" considers characters that are similar to those in the "Kangxi Dictionary" as the correct font, or refers to their seal script and regular script to determine the correct font. At the same time, it also questioned and corrected certain contents of the Kangxi Dictionary, demonstrating the author's independent thinking. However, due to the limited dissemination of the Kangxi Dictionary in Vietnam, there were some deviations in the author's understanding and application, such as misunderstandings in the annotation of prefixes and errors in phonetic transcription. These errors may be related to the historical circulation of the Kangxi Dictionary in Vietnam, as the imperial decree of Emperor Mingming was not widely implemented, resulting in limited popularity of the Kangxi Dictionary in Vietnam.

4、 Conclusion

The "Training on Chinese Characters" is an important document in the study of Vietnamese Chinese characters, reflecting the history of the use of Chinese characters in Vietnam. The author Li Zhi is a key figure in the study of Vietnamese Chinese characters, and his works embody the unity of orthography, deconstruction, and academic perspectives. This document provides valuable information for the study of Chinese dictionaries and the overseas dissemination of Chinese classics.