1、 Transliteration of Chinese Characters and Their Persian Interpretations in the Book of Treasures

The Ili Khan Chinese Science and Technology Treasure Book "is an important achievement of medical exchanges between China and Iran during the Mongol Empire in the 13th century, compiled under the supervision of the Prime Minister of the Ili Khan dynasty, Rashiduddin. The book was written in the early 14th century and is mainly compiled from the medical classics of the Song Dynasty in China, including the commentary version and charts of "Wang Shuhe's Pulse Formula". It also introduces traditional Chinese medicine theories such as "Three Parts and Nine Symptoms Theory", "Yin Yang Theory", and "Twelve Classics and Water". The manuscript uses a special transcription system, transcribing Chinese vocabulary using Persian letters and symbols, and writing in red ink, which is significantly different from the fonts in other parts of the manuscript. There is still room for transcription in the manuscript, but the content is missing. It is speculated that the titles, terminology, and physician names of traditional Chinese medicine classics have not been sorted out. These transcribed Chinese characters provide valuable materials for the study of Chinese phonology during the Song and Yuan dynasties. The manuscript also includes over 500 Persian interpretations written in black ink, accurately conveying the meaning and reflecting the high level of Chinese language teaching and translation teams at that time. Compared to other works by Rashiduddin, "The Book of Treasures" includes Persian interpretations alongside transliterated Chinese characters and employs a more complex transliteration system to meet the needs of being used as a medical textbook.

2、 Exploring Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chinese Language Teaching in the Ili Khan Dynasty from the "Treasure Book"

The medical exchange between China and Iran reached its peak during the Yuan Dynasty. During the reign of Kublai Khan, the Capital Medical College was established in the capital city, and the Medical College was returned to promote the exchange of medical knowledge. During the Ili Khan Dynasty, many Chinese people went to Iran, including doctors, to cure local nobles. The town of Rast became the center of technology, culture, and education for the Ilkhanid dynasty, with schools, hospitals, and other facilities teaching various subjects, including medicine. Rast attached great importance to the translation of Chinese scientific and technological works and organized the compilation of works such as "Treasure Book". The Chinese language teaching model of the Ilkhanid dynasty included selecting Iranian talents, learning Chinese through Chinese medical theory courses, and compiling medical works. The transliteration of Chinese characters and Persian meanings in the "Treasure Book" may be the classroom notes of Iranian talents, reflecting the situation of Chinese language learning at that time.

3、 A Study on the Persian Interpretation of Translating Chinese Characters in the Book of Treasures

There are various ways to translate Chinese characters in the Persian language in the "Treasure Book", including the interpretation of copied charts, paragraph definitions, chapter titles and song formulas in the "Wang Shuhe Pulse Formula", and definitions of traditional Chinese medicine terminology. Most of the Chinese characters in the manuscript are accompanied by Persian meanings, but there are also instances where one character has multiple meanings, and some Chinese character meanings may differ due to differences in understanding between the copyist or translator. There are errors in the transliteration of Chinese characters in the "Treasure Book", such as recording errors, incorrect interpretations of Chinese characters with similar pronunciations, incorrect transliterations of Chinese characters with similar pronunciations but correct interpretations, and incorrect interpretations of Chinese characters with similar pronunciations. These errors may stem from incomplete mastery of Chinese character reading and writing abilities by copyists or translators.

4、 The research value and academic significance of translating the meaning of Chinese characters into Persian in the "Treasure Book"

The chapter on the research value and academic significance of translating Chinese characters into Persian in the "Treasure Book" points out that the dissemination and teaching of Persian in China during the Yuan Dynasty saw significant development. The compilation of translated character books such as "Hui Hui Guan Zazi" and "Hui Hui Guan Yiyu" during the Ming Dynasty is of great significance for studying the language status of Hui ancestors in the 13th and 14th centuries and the history of Sino foreign relations. Professor Liu Yingsheng's research work provides important references for related fields. As an early Chinese foreign dictionary, the "Treasure Book" records the pronunciation and meanings of Chinese characters, which advanced the history of Chinese foreign language translated character books to the early 14th century and has important academic value. The vocabulary in the book can be further classified and organized to form the "Ilikhan Chinese Persian Classification Dictionary". However, due to historical reasons, the remaining three parts of the "Treasure Book" may have been lost.