In the 1960s, Chinese artists played a key role in the dissemination of Chinese art overseas. Faced with a complex international political environment, they were active in the United States and France, such as Pan Yuliang, Zhao Wuji, Xiong Bingming, and Chang Yu in France, and Wang Jiyuan, Wang Jiqian, Wang Fangyu, Jiang Yi, and I.M. Pei in the United States. These artists have promoted the overseas dissemination of traditional Chinese calligraphy and painting by participating in activities such as art exchange, education, lectures, and collections. The communication between Zhang Daqian and Wang Jiyuan revealed their artistic exchange and social relationship, reflecting the survival status of overseas Chinese artists and the diversity of artistic exchange at that time.

1、 The incident of Zhang Qianqiu's paintings being confiscated and the popularity of calligraphy and painting collections

In the 1960s, Zhang Daqian brought ancient paintings to Brazil, and some of them were detained by US customs on the grounds of violating the regulations of the Allied Property Preservation Commission. Through communication and mediation with multiple parties, Zhang Daqian and Wang Jiyuan finally retrieved fourteen ancient paintings. This incident reflects the challenges faced by Zhang Daqian in his cross regional artistic practice activities in Europe and America, as well as the situation of overseas Chinese artists. The correspondence between Zhang Daqian and Wang Jiyuan demonstrates their close cooperation in the ancient painting incident, as well as their exchange and support with overseas Chinese artists. The political attitude of the United States towards China caused difficulties for Zhang Daqian to recover ancient paintings, but the problem was ultimately resolved through social connections and the assistance of friends. In addition, the rise of Sinology and Chinese calligraphy and painting collections in the United States in the 1960s provided support for the influence of overseas Chinese artists. Among Zhang Daqian's fourteen ancient paintings, ten eventually returned to his hands, while the other four went to major museums in the United States, reflecting the situation of Chinese calligraphy and painting collection in the United States at that time.

2、 The social circle of Zhang Daqian, Wang Jiyuan and overseas Chinese artists

In the 1960s, the social status of Chinese Americans in the United States rose, and the artistic activities of artists such as Zhang Daqian and Wang Jiyuan received attention. They collaborated with artists such as Wang Jiqian and Wang Yachen to promote Chinese art, while European artists such as Pan Yuliang and Chang Yu also spread Chinese culture in the United States. The works of domestic artists such as Qi Baishi and Huang Binhong were exhibited in the United States as early as the 1940s through Wang Jiyuan and others. Zhang Daqian's interactions with American scholar Sullivan, as well as his exhibitions and speeches at Stanford University, demonstrate the influence of Chinese calligraphy and painting in higher education institutions in the United States. Wang Jiyuan's artistic and educational concepts were discussed by Sullivan in his works, reflecting the views of Western art historians on Chinese artists. Zhang Daqian and Wang Jiyuan have a wide social circle, including writers, photographers, collectors, etc. They help each other in difficult times. The friendship between Zhang Daqian and photographer Lang Jingshan, as well as his interaction with art sponsor Dong Haoyun, reflect the social activities and influence of overseas Chinese artists. These artists' art practices and social circles have a certain influence in the United States, which is different from the Chinese associations in Europe, and have become representatives of overseas Chinese artists' art practices.

3、 Collaboration between Huabi Calligraphy and Painting Academy and American art institutions

After World War II, the US government supported Chinese schools, but their development was slow due to racist ideologies. Wang Jiyuan promoted Chinese calligraphy and painting in New York, founded the Huabi Calligraphy and Painting Academy, and implemented diversified teaching. In the 1960s, the college shifted its focus to ink painting, watercolor painting, and Chinese calligraphy, collaborating with American art institutions to hold exhibitions and promote cultural exchanges between China and the United States. Wang Jiyuan established a good relationship with the Metropolitan Museum of Art and interacted with the museum through donations. The college exhibition covers many parts of the United States and invites several Chinese artists to participate, with works mainly by Zhang Daqian, Pan Yuliang, and Wang Jiyuan. Exhibition institutions include art museums, libraries, etc., reflecting the demand of American society for Chinese art. Wang Jiyuan signed a touring exhibition agreement with the Smithsonian Institution in the United States, and Zhang Daqian participated in the exhibition, which was their last collaboration. The exhibition has attracted attention from American media and is an important showcase for overseas Chinese artists in the United States, as well as an important event for cultural exchange between China and the United States. During the exhibition, China and the United States signed a joint communiqu é, establishing diplomatic relations, and the exhibition became an important milestone in cultural exchanges between China and the United States.

4、 Conclusion

In the 1960s, against the backdrop of the Cold War, Chinese artists faced complex situations overseas. Artists such as Zhang Daqian and Wang Jiyuan promote the dissemination of Chinese art overseas through exhibitions, lectures, and other activities. By analyzing the letters between Zhang Daqian and Wang Jiyuan, topics such as art trade, calligraphy and painting collection, and exchange of overseas artists were discussed. The Huabi Calligraphy and Painting Academy founded by Wang Jiyuan collaborates with American institutions to provide support for overseas Chinese artists and promote the international dissemination of Chinese art.