Introduced the political participation rights of Native Americans in Latin America, emphasizing their transformation from passive integration to active expression in political participation since the late 1970s. The article mentions successful cases of Latin American Indians in electoral politics, such as Evo Morales in Bolivia and Indian politicians in other countries. The participation of Native Americans in elections is seen as an indicator of the degree of democratization in Latin American countries. Scholars have analyzed the political participation of Native Americans from multiple perspectives, but there has been relatively little research in recent years. The article also mentioned a case analysis of Native American election participation, with a particular focus on the performance of Native American women in elections. This article aims to analyze the causes, methods, characteristics, and impacts of political participation in elections among Native Americans in Latin America through horizontal comparisons of cases from multiple countries, explore its sustainability, and look forward to its future. The article also explains relevant concepts, data sources, and discussion content, including the definition of "Native Americans", the connotation of electoral politics, and the scope of election types.

1、 The History and Current Conditions of Political Participation in Latin American Indian Elections

Discussed the historical and current conditions of political participation in Latin American Indian elections. Since the colonial period, Native Americans have been marginalized groups and have long been won over by traditional political parties, monopolizing their representation and making it difficult to respond to their basic demands. In the 1960s, Indian intellectuals promoted the awakening of ethnic identity and laid the foundation for political participation. As the economic, political, and legal environment improved, Native Americans began to combine social movements with electoral politics to fight for their rights within a democratic framework. Political participation in elections is a continuation of the historical struggles of Native Americans. The marginalized situation during the colonial period inspired a spirit of resistance, and after the 20th century, the struggle for rights was incorporated into the practice of corporatism. Neoliberal reforms squeeze the autonomy space of Native Americans, but also reshape ethnic identity and promote multiculturalism and multi-ethnic cultural identity. Political openness provides opportunities for Native Americans to participate in elections, and democratic transformation breaks the centralized power structure and relaxes restrictions on participation. International regulations are driving a wave of constitutional amendments in Latin America, recognizing the existence of indigenous peoples at the constitutional level, acknowledging their identity and cultural rights, and protecting collective lands. Under the influence of multiple factors, Latin American Indians have reshaped their ethnic identity, moving from opposition to the political stage of the ruling state and becoming new participants in electoral politics.

2、 Political Participation and Characteristics of Latin American Indigenous Elections

The indigenous population of Latin America is about 54.8 million, accounting for 8.5% of the total population, becoming a rising political force in the region. Since the 21st century, they have demonstrated political potential by participating in elections at all levels through more information channels and political resources. The active participation of Native Americans in legislative and executive elections has changed public stereotypes. The increase in participation of Indian women in politics is due to affirmative action measures such as gender quotas. Bolivia and Ecuador have high levels of participation in Indian elections, while ethnic political parties in Peru and Guatemala are slightly weaker. Indigenous people in Mexico, Chile, and Brazil often run as members of traditional political parties or independent candidates, and there have been breakthroughs in recent years.

3、 The Domestic and International Influence of Political Participation in Latin American Indian Elections

Discussed the multifaceted impacts of political participation in Latin American Indian elections. Firstly, this participation has promoted the maturity of domestic democratic politics, giving Native Americans the opportunity to express their demands within the democratic framework, enhancing their participation and visibility, accumulating experience in political participation and deliberation, and strengthening their sense of political efficacy and confidence in the democratic system. Secondly, the participation of Native Americans has promoted social integration and integration, criticized institutional exclusion, advocated for inclusive social policies, and made public decision-making more focused on the interests and demands of Native Americans, accelerating social integration. Thirdly, the participation of Native Americans in elections has deepened regionalism and regional governance, enhanced their influence throughout Latin America, and promoted political integration in the region. Finally, the participation of Native Americans has encouraged the practice of minority participation in global governance, providing diverse perspectives and alternative solutions for the global governance system, and encouraging more groups to participate in global governance.

4、 Conclusion

Latin American Native Americans have achieved a historic breakthrough through their political participation in elections, promoting social integration and deepening democracy. Their participation has provided new ideas for global governance, promoting the path of ecological development and multi-party governance. Despite facing challenges such as institutional design, external intervention, and their own shortcomings, the political participation and influence of Native Americans continue to increase. Deepening institutional reform and strengthening the participation of ethnic political parties are key to promoting the participation of Native Americans in elections. The positive trend of Latin American Native Americans in electoral politics will not change, but it is necessary to continue to promote the development of inclusive and diverse political life.