In the digital era, the application of Internet, artificial intelligence, big data and other technologies has a significant impact on production efficiency, military capabilities and governance models, changing national strategic planning and international relations. The technological revolution empowers national strength and reshapes the world order. New theories such as intellectual geopolitics and technological geopolitics emphasize the importance of knowledge, technology, and other elements in national competition. However, existing research lacks sufficient exploration of the paradigm shift of geopolitical power in the digital age and the new forms of geopolitical relations between countries. An in-depth analysis of the new changes in geopolitical power in the digital age and their impact on the evolution of the world order is of great significance for theoretical innovation and policy-making.

1、 State Power in Traditional Geopolitical Theory

Discussed the manifestation of state power in traditional geopolitical theory, emphasizing the core position of geographic space and military power in state power. National power is based on the endowment of geographical resources, strengthened through territorial expansion, and military strength has become the standard for measuring national power. The theories of sea power, land power, and air power emphasize the strategic position of different geographical spaces, reflecting the ability of humans to control natural conditions under technological conditions. These theories focus on the strategic position of specific geographic spaces, and there is competition and opposition between sea control, land control, and air control. In the context of limited technological capabilities, concentrating strategic resources to enhance attack capabilities, avoid imbalanced resource allocation, and weaken strength.

2、 The Logic of Digitalization and the Reshaping of Geopolitical Power

The reshaping logic of geopolitical power in the digital age is reflected in two aspects: numbers as objects and numbers as means. As an object of competition, digital resources such as computer code, databases, and digitized texts have shifted from national competition to the competition for digital resources, which have become key inputs for online services and production processes. The public nature of digital resources and the scarcity of raw data have made data development capabilities a new parameter for competition. Countries have concretized power and political relationships into the competition of data and information entities, such as banning chips, disabling TikTok, etc., opening up a digital space for geopolitical competition. This not only opens up new areas of geopolitical competition, such as digital infrastructure and data access, but also changes the spatial characteristics of competitors and expands the scope of participating countries. The competition for rules and discourse power in the digital field has intensified, and data standards and rules affect the country's access capability and strategic position in various fields.

3、 Composite geopolitical power in the digital age

Discussed the evolution of geopolitical power in the digital age and defined it as a composite geopolitical power. This form of power is based on the interaction of the state in geographical and digital spaces, as well as the combination of traditional and digital means. Digital geopolitics, as the foundation of composite geopolitical power, emphasizes the digitization of national political power and involves the competition for data resources and digital space. The state pursues the maximization of power in both geographical and digital spaces, forming a composite geopolitical power. Digital geopolitical power is reflected in the ability of countries to use advanced digital technologies to compete for digital geopolitical space, and is intertwined with national power. Market, security, and regulation are the triple paths to gaining digital geopolitical power, influencing changes in the international order. The characteristics of composite geopolitical power include the interconnectedness and complementarity of various spaces, spaces, and fields, the interconnection between geographic and digital spaces, and the composite synergy of multiple fields. Unlike traditional geopolitical power control, composite geopolitical power emphasizes empowerment, activating and amplifying the country's existing capabilities. The empowerment of digital technology has changed the composition of national competitiveness, comprehensively enhancing national competitiveness and overall strength. The combination of digital technology power and digital institutional power has changed the traditional power relations between countries, triggering competition for digital sovereignty and governance rights.

4、 Composite Geopolitical Power and Future World Pattern Trends

The complex geopolitical power of the digital age has a significant impact on the power balance between countries and promotes changes in the world order. This kind of power, empowered by technology and power, changes the standard for measuring a country's comprehensive strength and accelerates the transfer of international power. The future world pattern will present three trends: decentralization, re centralization, and diversified networking. The trend towards decentralization is manifested as the control no longer being monopolized by a single power entity, the threshold for power being lowered, and liquidity being enhanced. The spillover of digital technology provides development opportunities for non Western countries and breaks the traditional geopolitical hierarchy. The trend towards decentralization is that massive amounts of data and advanced algorithms have become new centralized tools, and the combination of digital technology and state power has led to a widening digital divide and power gap between countries. The trend of diversified networking emphasizes the close connections between actors, and digital technology connects various actors and fields around the world as a whole, constructing a broader pattern of interdependence between countries. There is significant uncertainty in the future world pattern and the direction of international order, and decentralization, re centralization, and networking are all possible development directions. Countries should gradually shift their confrontational relationships towards mutually beneficial ones through closer and more efficient dialogue, communication, and digital cooperation, work together to build a digital community with a shared future, effectively address the challenges of digital global governance, and resist uncertain geopolitical risks.