Of the problem

In the new era, China's diplomacy is undergoing transformation and actively participating in global governance, transforming from a system builder and maintainer to a shaper and leader of reform. China is committed to promoting the development of a more just and reasonable global governance system, and actively participating in the reform and construction of the global governance system. However, the United States and the West view China's progressive actions as a threat to the international order and are skeptical of China's intentions. China emphasizes not challenging the dominant position of the United States and not establishing confrontational or alternative international mechanisms, but the West still regards China as a systemic "revisionist". This article aims to explore whether China is a "revisionist" of the global governance system, and analyze whether China's conceptual changes and practical innovations in global governance have overturned the existing system. The research will clarify the core values of the global governance system, define theoretical connotations, use the "actor structure" theoretical analysis framework, examine the interaction between China and the global governance system from a historical perspective, and qualitatively explain the nature of the relationship between the two sides.

1、 The connotation and value of the global governance system

The shortcomings of the research on the connotation of the global governance system were pointed out, including the narrowing or generalization of concepts, the mixing of concepts with the international system, and the definition only from an institutional perspective. The article argues that the global governance system is a three-dimensional system composed of ideas, institutions, and power structures, with normative and descriptive characteristics. The global governance system contains a conceptual structure composed of mainstream political ideologies, an institutional structure formed by various global systems, organizations, and interactive relationships among various actors, and a power structure based on the distribution of power among actors. The power structure is manifested as a "center periphery" power pattern and a structural logic centered on the principle of strength. The evolution of the global governance system has gone through the hegemonic governance of the United States and the West, and non Western "being governed". In the 21st century, especially after the 2008 financial crisis, the "global South" emerged, and peripheral countries such as China approached the central power structure and proposed their own global governance norms and plans.

2、 The theoretical origin of the "agent structure" as an analytical framework

Explored the theoretical origins of the "actor structure" theory as an analytical framework, aiming to persuade the rational cognition of China's new action mode in the global governance system in the United States and the West. This theory integrates rational and postmodern epistemological and methodological features, combining macro structuralism and micro individualism, to adapt to the transition of Western society from modernity to postmodernism. Structuralism reconciles the ontological binary opposition between action and structure, compensating for the bias of individualism and structuralism in epistemology. Anthony Giddens' structured theory defines the concept of agency, emphasizing the restrictive and empowering effects of structure on action, as well as the reverse shaping power of the agent on the structure. This theory breaks through the orthodox consensus of objectivism and provides new insights into the relationship between actors and structures. International relations theory has also gone through stages of individualism, structuralism, and structuralism, while theories such as constructivism and neoclassical realism explore the relationship between actors and structures. Chinese scholars are concerned about the dynamism of the "Global South" in world politics and global governance. This article will use the "actor structure" theoretical framework to empirically examine the evolution process of global governance and analyze the evolution of the relationship between China and the global governance system.

3、 Liberalism - supra national governance model and resonance with China on the same frequency

From the late 1970s to the early 21st century, the liberal ideology dominated the global political conceptual structure, forming a supranational global governance model. China has formed a resonance relationship with the global governance system, manifested in actively learning and referencing system knowledge, critically compatible with and actively responding to system norms. The liberal ideology manifests as neoliberalism in the economic dimension and globalism and cosmopolitanism in the value dimension. Neoliberalism advocates for supra national governance mechanisms, belittles the role of sovereign state governments, and shapes the model of 'governance without government'. The United States promotes the integration of power structure and institutional structure, and pursues a global institutional construction agenda based on the liberal paradigm. As a latecomer to the system, China actively participates, adapts, and internalizes the concept of the system. On the other hand, based on autonomy and practical awareness, it evolves and resonates with it in a critical, compatible, and constructive manner. China is based on its national conditions and internalizes a systemic concept, adhering to a political attitude of reformism, openness, economism, and harmony, resonating with the embedded liberal ideas. China participates in international systems with an open attitude, actively aligning with the world, and transforming from a revolutionary country outside the global governance system to a constructive country within the system. China has innovatively formed a "constitutive localization" model based on the compatibility of foreign norms and local practices, successfully achieving the local narrative of foreign elements, resisting the utilitarian philosophy and financial colonialism dregs in the European and American globalism models, and critically integrating and constructively incorporating system norms.

4、 Nationalist Ideology: The Model of Great Power Co governance and China's Coordinated Practice

At the beginning of the 21st century, nationalism became the mainstream political trend in global governance, promoting the transformation of the global governance system from supranationalism to a model of great power cooperation governance with the state as the main body, forming an institutional structure of great power harmony and co governance. In this context, based on the reality of the power structure of the system, China adopts a "coordinated" policy practice to maintain system stability. Nationalism emphasizes the priority of sovereign states in international issues and global challenges, advocating for global governance centered around the state. Under the leadership of nationalism, the institutional structure of the global governance system has undergone changes, promoting the transition from supranational governance to cooperative governance among nations, especially the new model of cooperative governance among major powers. After the financial crisis, emerging market countries and developing countries cooperated with developed countries to jointly govern due to their increased governance contributions. The seven Western countries released their rule making power to emerging countries and supported the upgrading of the governance status of the G20. Great power cooperation governance has achieved significant results in non-traditional security areas such as global economic governance, counter-terrorism, climate change, nuclear proliferation, and combating piracy. China has put forward the concept of "harmonious world" governance, emphasizing participation in global governance through consultation, cooperation, harmony, and restraint, and promoting governance in various fields. China advocates the co governance of various actors, resolves extreme state centrism, adheres to the democratization of international relations, supports multilateralism and co governance by all parties. China is promoting system reform through easing measures, enhancing governance efficiency, and improving its discourse power in mechanisms through communication and negotiation, while affirming the legitimacy and authority of the global governance system. China has formed a harmonious, consistent, and coordinated relationship with the system structure. New concepts and practices are proposed and implemented on the premise of maintaining the system structure, and the system is reconstructed to a limited extent to increase its vitality.

5、 Conservative ideology, governance model of great power competition game, and China's reform and innovation

Since 2016, global politics has undergone a major transformation from cooperation to division, and conservative ideologies have had a negative impact on global governance. This trend is mainly manifested in isolation, competition, and populism, leading to a pattern of great power competition in the global governance system. China plays an active role in the transformation of the global governance system, promoting the development of the global governance system towards greater fairness and justice through conceptual changes, mechanism innovation, and strengthening of its foundation. China has proposed initiatives such as building a community with a shared future for mankind and global development to address conservative misconceptions. At the same time, China has participated in global economic governance through "institutional openness", launched new South South cooperation initiatives such as the "the Belt and Road", and sought a new platform for cooperation and governance for emerging economies through BRICS expansion. China should make reasonable use of its status as a peaceful rising major power, promote the construction of a new type of major power relationship, and maintain the pattern of cooperation and co governance among major powers. China's initiative aims to reset the value foundation of globalism and rectify the failed model of European and American globalism, rather than subverting the global governance system.

conclusion

By analyzing China's role in the global governance system through the "actor structure" framework, it is believed that China is the leader of global governance and has an equal and interdependent relationship with the system. The relationship between China and the global governance system has gone through a development process from one-way integration to two-way integration, and then to interactive integration. Based on the "actor structure" theoretical framework, a strong discourse system for global governance in China can be constructed to engage in dialogue with the United States and the West. In building an international narrative of global governance in the future, China should not only consolidate its own advantages, but also innovate and value the compatibility between narrative tools and audiences, eliminate monologue, and achieve international communication goals.