We discussed the stable evolution of the security order in the European region since the end of World War II, as well as the unique security culture and behavioral logic of the European Union on internal and external security issues. With the major adjustment of the European security order and the intensification of the competition among major powers, the Russia-Ukraine conflict has further accelerated the geopoliticization and the pan security of foreign policy. The EU is increasingly considering security in areas such as economy, immigration, health, technology, and climate policies. Against the backdrop of geopolitical return, the security culture of the European Union is undergoing a reshaping, affecting the adjustment of its security and diplomatic strategies. Although the EU hopes to become a more strategically autonomous security actor, its security culture is still influenced by the security roles of the United States and NATO, and there is a lack of consensus internally on threat identification and response measures. The security role and culture of the European Union are important indicators for observing changes in its security strategy, and have a significant impact on the regional and global security landscape. The article proposes a theoretical framework for analyzing the security culture of the European Union based on theoretical literature and historical evolution, emphasizing its challenges and limitations in the context of geopolitical regression.

1、 Theoretical framework of EU security culture

Security culture plays an important role in national security studies, integrating security research and cultural factors to reveal the security perspectives, roles, and strategies of international actors. The EU security culture is the behavioral logic formed in the process of responding to threats and governance, and is crucial to the EU's security role. There is controversy in the research, involving the EU's security role, conceptual analysis, theoretical perspectives, and relationships with other actors. Whether the EU has a unified security culture, whether its culture is of member states or the whole, and whether it has autonomy or inclusiveness, are all key issues. International relations theory provides different perspectives, with American led research relying on power and rationalism, while European led research emphasizes cultural and identity concepts. Neorealism believes that the EU's security role is influenced by the international system, while liberal institutionalism emphasizes the EU's commitment to multilateralism. From a sociological perspective, security interests are defined by actors, and security culture is the result of long-term evolution, influenced by history, national structure, and geographical environment.

2、 The Dual Connotation of EU Security Culture

Security culture is key to understanding the EU's security role and strategic choices, influenced by internal capabilities and external environment. The EU security culture originates from the integration process and security governance practices, forming a unique security role and strategy. The construction of the EU Security Community began at the beginning of integration, achieving national security through regional security construction. The security culture of the European Union is closely related to the integration process, and the institutionalization construction continuously improves the security strategic concept and enhances the ability to solve security problems. However, it is difficult to clearly define the security culture of the European Union, and there is tension between the security culture of member states and the security culture of the European Union. The EU security culture is not a single security culture, but a common security culture based on the security cultures of many countries. There are differences in the perception of security threats among EU member states, and there is no common understanding within the EU regarding threat perception, alliance politics, or the use of force. The change in EU security culture is based on reassessing and adjusting the security strategies that support regional order, and its immutability depends on the EU's role and scope of action in the security order. The EU has formed a security order in the European region with internal integration as the core logic and a security culture in European external security governance with external Europeanization as the core logic.

3、 The Development Trend of EU Security Culture

Discussed the development trend of EU security culture in the context of geopolitical return. With the increasing complexity of the global and regional security environment, the EU needs to take on more security responsibilities and enhance its ability to act autonomously. To this end, the EU has strengthened the construction of regional security communities, including promoting defense integration, improving internal decision-making procedures, and enhancing the level of autonomy. At the same time, the EU is also strengthening external regional security governance, enhancing its geopolitical attributes, and restarting the process of expansion.