Explored the rise of the concept of "Global South" and its economic and political manifestations, pointing out its popularity as a term and the lack of uniformity in its definition. Analyzed the different interpretations of the "Global South" in academia, including geopolitical competition, the crisis of Western dominated order, and criticism of the capitalist system. Emphasis was placed on the normative value of the term 'Global South' and its limitations in international political practice.

1、 Global South ": a term with normative value

An in-depth analysis was conducted on the normative value and limitations of the term 'Global South'. The term 'Global South' not only refers to national entities, but also to a political consciousness and practice aimed at actively restructuring the unequal power structure around the world. The rise of this term is seen as a process and practice, reflecting the mutual influence and construction between the specific practices of countries in the global South in international politics and the political value of the term. However, Western political circles and some scholars attempt to exclude China from the "global South" and downplay its left-wing and critical values, while China keenly points out the normative values it contains, emphasizing unity and independence.

2、 The autonomy value and limitations of the 'Global South'

Deeply explored the autonomy value and limitations of the 'Global South'. The value of autonomy is reflected in developing countries' resistance to the hierarchical system of the old world order and their pursuit of an independent and autonomous development path. The Bandung Conference and the Non Aligned Movement are manifestations of the collective pursuit of autonomy by developing countries. However, the legacy of the colonial era and historical structural limitations make it difficult for developing countries to completely break free from dependence. Since the 1980s, neoliberalism has gradually replaced global neo Keynesianism, and globalization has been interpreted as a process unfavorable to developing countries. Developing countries need to invent alternatives to neoliberalism to achieve independent development. The Western modernization model is not the only choice, and the struggle for international order often boils down to the struggle for development models.

3、 The transformative value and limitations of the 'Global South'

Deeply analyzed the transformative value and implementation limitations of the concept of "Global South". The transformative value is mainly reflected in the challenge to the Western dominated hierarchical world order and the pursuit of equality in international relations. However, the transformative limitations are mainly manifested in the following aspects:

4、 The collective value and limitations of the 'Global South'

Deeply explored the collective value and implementation limits of the term 'Global South'. The collective value is mainly manifested in building collective identity and promoting collective action, emphasizing the solidarity of countries in the "global South" based on common history and destiny. However, the realization of collective values is limited by both internal differences and convergence with the 'Global North'. The formation of collective identity depends on the interaction and shared knowledge between actors, while collective action is closely related to dependency relationships and political culture. Among the four variables of collective identity formation proposed by Alexander Winter, interdependence and shared destiny are important driving forces for South South cooperation.

conclusion

The rise of the concept of "Global South" is closely related to the rise of developing countries and the transformation of postcolonial identity discourse. Research should go beyond physical reference and avoid conceptual deconstruction. At the same time, it is pointed out that the rise of the "Global South" is a historical trend, but it faces challenges. Exploring its normative value and limitations aims to return to the concept itself, clarify the gap between ideals and reality, and provide a foundation for optimization.