Explored the driving forces behind the development of China's international relations theory and proposed three perspectives: the "endogenous theory," the "exogenous theory," and the "incomplete theory. The article advocates that the formation of a theoretical system is the result of mutual learning among civilizations, influenced by various factors, and should not be simply attributed to endogenous or exogenous factors. Suggest rereading history from the perspective of mutual learning among civilizations to provide experience for theoretical construction.

1、 Rereading the history of theoretical development from the perspective of "mutual learning among civilizations"

Explored the development of China's international relations theory from the perspective of "mutual learning of civilizations". Civilization mutual learning emphasizes the exchange and reference between different civilizations, which is an important driving force for promoting human civilization progress and world peace and development. From this perspective, the development of China's international relations theory is closely related to the changes in the global civilization order, reflecting the close integration of theoretical research with the reality of the international community. The basic background of theoretical development is the global civilization order, and the mutual learning of civilizations provides new epistemological inspiration for theory, emphasizing the relativity and complementarity of theory. In addition, mutual learning among civilizations is also an international orientation and goal pursuit of China's independent innovation in international relations theory, reflecting the theoretical manifestation of China's reconstruction of cultural confidence in the process of integrating into the international order. Through mutual learning of civilizations, the Chinese theoretical community has shifted from borrowing foreign knowledge to pursuing independent innovation, providing theoretical support for diplomatic practice.

2、 The Turbulence of Eastern and Western Civilizations and the Origins of International Relations Theory in New China

In the early days of the People's Republic of China, against the backdrop of the Cold War, China developed its own diplomatic and international relations theories between the two superpowers. During this period, China systematically studied and applied the international relations theories of revolutionary mentors such as Marx and Lenin, and conducted systematic and theoretical research on the diplomatic thoughts and practices of the Chinese leadership collective. Civilization mutual learning during this period manifested as "civilization collision" or "civilization confrontation", and China's borrowing of theories from the Soviet Union and the United States presented various forms of complexity, obscurity, indirect and direct combination.

3、 The Peaceful Coexistence of Three Cultures and the Holistic Consciousness of China's International Relations Theory

In the late 1970s, with the easing of the confrontation between Eastern and Western civilizations, China began to explore a suitable path for the development of international relations theory. Against the backdrop of reform and opening up and the end of the Cold War, the Chinese international relations academic community has strengthened the translation and critical reference of Western theories, forming a holistic consciousness of theory and a systematic Chinese consciousness. Deng Xiaoping put forward the era view of "peace and development", guiding the research of China's international relations theory to shift towards the exploration of coexistence of multiple civilizations. In the 1980s, the theme of the development of Chinese social sciences was "remedial courses", and research on international relations theory began to heavily introduce Western theories. Scholars recognize the need to use Marxism as a guide to provide scientific answers to new situations and problems in modern international relations. The reform and opening up have promoted equal treatment of theoretical achievements from different civilizations, and the domestic theoretical field has been caught up in a fierce pursuit. A large number of translated works on Western international relations theory have been published, academic journals have resumed publication, and new publications have been established. There has been an increase in academic articles introducing Western theories by scholars. On the basis of learning and drawing on Western theories, Chinese international relations theory scholars have also begun to write original theoretical research works. In the mid-1980s, the academic community initially developed a sense of autonomy in constructing a knowledge system for the theory of international relations with Chinese characteristics. The academic community's conscious innovation in the theory of "Chinese characteristics" stemmed from the gradually accumulated cultural confidence. In 1987, the Shanghai Conference first discussed the construction of "international relations theory with Chinese characteristics" as a key issue in the development of the discipline, reflecting China's profound reflection on the rapid development of international relations theory under other civilizations, especially the Anglo American civilization. After the 1990s, the end of the Cold War had various impacts on global relations among civilizations. China hoped to integrate traditional cultural wisdom and ideological resources with "Chinese characteristics" into the innovation of international relations theory. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Western values took the dominant position in world civilization, and cultural imperialism revived. The Chinese academic community deeply reflected on this. In 1998, the Second National Symposium on International Relations Theory was held in Shanghai, which reflected on and summarized the development of China's international relations theory research. It was believed that China's theoretical research was not commensurate with its great power status and needed to explore independent theoretical innovation.

4、 A new round of cultural exchange and confrontation between China and the West, and the proposal and development of the "Chinese School"

After the Cold War, the importance of culture and civilization issues in international politics has become increasingly prominent, and Western theories such as the "clash of civilizations theory" and the "end of history theory" have had an impact on developing countries such as China. On the basis of existing consciousness systematization, the Chinese academic community has begun to construct theoretical responses, forming the "Chinese School" of international relations theory. This school, guided by the ideas of national leaders, aims to reconstruct the independent knowledge system of China's diplomacy and international relations, seeking a balance between universality and particularity.

conclusion

The concept of 'mutual learning among civilizations' has injected new vitality into the development of China's international relations theory and promoted the formation of the' Chinese School '. In the exploration of international relations theory, China has achieved theoretical innovation by combining Marxism, Western theory, and traditional culture. For over seventy years, the Chinese theoretical community has focused on localization and internationalization while drawing on international theories, forming diverse theoretical and cultural sources. In the context of globalization, Chinese theory continuously absorbs and integrates knowledge of changes in the global civilization order, promoting theoretical progress. The development of Chinese theory not only guides domestic global governance practices, but also demonstrates the importance of developing local theories to developing countries. Currently, Chinese theory is further exploring an autonomous knowledge system, forming a unique theoretical logic, and exchanging ideas with the international academic community. The "Chinese School" of Chinese theory has provided new impetus for the development of international relations theory and is expected to contribute to solving global problems, promoting international cooperation, and achieving common development.