The Conceptual Connotation and Theoretical Value of "Global South"

In recent years, the concept of "Global South" has received widespread attention from the international community, and its connotation and theoretical value have become the focus of innovation in international relations theory. The concept initially referred to a group of countries outside of developed countries, but to this day the international community has not reached a consensus on the scope of countries it includes. Since the 20th century, the status and demands of countries in the global South in the international community have gone through three stages: the national liberation movement against colonial rule, the new stage of seeking economic development, and the stage of increasing economic attributes after the end of the Cold War. Since the 21st century, emerging market countries and developing countries have emerged economically, and the global South has entered a new stage of seeking international political and economic discourse power.

Reconstruction of International Order and System from the Perspective of "Global South"

As a collective that transcends the traditional concept of "developing countries", the member states of the "Global South" have similar attributes in politics, economy, and international status, and collectively face the lack of central position in the international power system and the similarity of international interest demands. Against the backdrop of systemic turbulence in the international order, there are significant differences in the perception of the current international order between countries in the global South and those in the United States and the West. They believe that the international order is flawed and imbalanced, and that the representation of emerging countries in the international power system does not match their economic size. The lagging reform of the global governance system has constrained the global economic recovery. At the same time, countries in the global South have observed a new trend of "two parallel systems" in the international system, contrasting the closed, exclusive, and confrontational international system constructed by the United States and Western countries with the open, inclusive, cooperative, and win-win cooperation mechanisms promoted by countries in the global South.

The 'Global South' in Global Climate Governance

The 'Global South' plays an important role in international climate governance, advocating for the establishment of a fair and reasonable global climate governance system, emphasizing that developed countries should bear the primary responsibility, and provide support to developing countries in areas such as mitigation, adaptation, funding, technology, and capacity building. The region follows the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities", emphasizing the differences in development level and historical emissions among countries, and maintaining a reasonable carbon emission space for countries in the global South. At the same time, countries in the global South adhere to the global governance concept of "consultation, co construction, and sharing", requiring equal participation in consultation and the formulation of institutional rules, and sharing of governance achievements.

The Basic Proposition of the Global South on the World Economic Order

The collective rise of the 'Global South' is changing the Western dominated world economic landscape, with its total economic output accounting for 58.3%. In the face of challenges such as the unjust old international order and the COVID-19, the "Global South" put forward political demands, aiming to safeguard core interests and promote sustainable development. They advocate multilateralism and fair trade, oppose unilateralism and protectionism, promote the concept of open and inclusive cooperation, and demand greater representation and voice in international economic and financial institutions. At the BRICS Summit and the the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation, the participating countries emphasized maintaining the core role of the United Nations, improving the representation of emerging markets and developing countries, and supporting the reform of international institutions.

South South Cooperation and the Improvement of International Order

Discussed the strategic position and role of South South cooperation in the context of international order transformation. South South cooperation refers to cooperation among developing countries, originating from the Bandung Conference in 1955, aimed at promoting economic and social development and improving the current international order. South South cooperation has gone through a development process from political cooperation to economic cooperation, especially after the adoption of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals, its importance and urgency have been further emphasized. China plays an important role in South South cooperation, and President Xi Jinping has emphasized the importance of South South cooperation on various occasions and put forward suggestions for South South cooperation in the new era.