As a founding member of the United Nations and an original signatory of GATT, India actively participated in the construction of the multilateral order after World War II. Indian scholars believe that the multilateral system is crucial for India's rise, and international trade contributes greatly to India's GDP. However, India believes that the existing multilateral system lacks representativeness and effectiveness, and faces a mismatch between identity and strength within the system. India's failure to become a permanent member of the Security Council has limited its global governance capabilities. In recent years, India has advocated for "reform multilateralism" in international settings, which has attracted international attention. A comprehensive understanding of the connotation of India's "reform multilateralism" and its impact on global governance is of great value.

1、 The proposal and main connotation of "multilateralism of reform"

Elaborate on the origin, connotation, and promotion of India's concept of "reform multilateralism" on the international stage. In 2018, Indian Prime Minister Modi first proposed this concept, emphasizing the need to reform the United Nations Security Council to reflect contemporary realities and enhance its representativeness and effectiveness. Indian Foreign Minister Ajahn Singh believes that "reformed multilateralism" is a solution to the crisis of multilateralism, and Indian scholars also see it as part of India's foreign policy aimed at accelerating India's transformation into a major power in the 21st century.

2、 The Motivation for India's Multilateral Policy and the Proposal of 'Reform multilateralism'

Since its independence, India has always attached great importance to multilateralism, expanding its international influence and enhancing its position in the United Nations by participating in multilateral organizations. India supports the United Nations in addressing global challenges, actively participates in peacekeeping and disarmament, and pays attention to economic issues in the context of economic globalization to safeguard the rights and interests of developing countries. However, due to its former colonial history and diplomatic experience, India has become skeptical of the results of multilateralism, forming the idea of "defensive multilateralism" and showing a resistant attitude towards multilateral arrangements. With the intensification of international competition, India has turned to "responsible multilateralism" and played a greater role in multilateral organizations.

3、 The practice focus of "reform multilateralism"

Elaborated in detail how India has transformed its concept of "reform multilateralism" into practice and promoted the development of global governance in multiple fields. India actively participates in global development issues, supporting global development through hosting the "Voice of the Global South" summit, promoting sustainable development concepts, and providing financial and vaccine assistance to the South African Union. On the issue of climate change, India actively participates in global climate cooperation by establishing the "International Solar Alliance", promoting the "Disaster Resilience Infrastructure Alliance", implementing the goals of the Paris Agreement, expressing demands through the "Basic Four Countries", and engaging in climate cooperation with China. In addition, India is also concerned about global ocean issues and has proposed the "Indo Pacific Ocean Initiative" to cooperate with multiple countries in areas such as ocean security and ecological protection, promoting ocean governance. India actively seeks change in the multilateral system and provides constructive suggestions for multilateral system reform through its own efforts, which has a significant impact on the global governance system.

4、 The significance and limitations of India's' reform multilateralism '

Deeply explored the dual meaning of India's "reform multilateralism", which is both a global governance concept and a strategic plan. Through this concept, India demonstrates a cooperative attitude and actively promotes multilateralism to address global issues such as climate crisis and terrorism, advocating for collective action and global commitment. At the same time, India is attempting to enhance its international status through multilateralism and pursue a global leadership role, which to some extent weakens the universality of multilateralism. India respects the core position of the United Nations, but hopes to enhance its status as a major power through the United Nations. It values the UN as a tool. In addition, India often adopts a negative attitude when facing multilateral rules that do not align with its own interests, such as in the areas of nuclear non-proliferation and human rights. India's' reform multilateralism 'has shown selectivity in practice, attempting to build an international organization led by itself. Although India has shown a willingness to lead global governance, it lacks the sincerity to assume corresponding international responsibilities. There is consensus between China and India in maintaining the core position of the United Nations and resolving global issues through multilateralism, and they should work together to inject positive energy into global governance.