Introduced artificial intelligence as an important subfield of information and computing science, integrating various technologies to enable machines to perform advanced functions. The development of artificial intelligence is regarded as a key technology that may trigger a new round of productivity revolution and is highly valued globally, especially by major powers. Special attention was paid to the ChatGPT released by OpenAI in November 2022, whose new features and functions have attracted widespread attention internationally. The article analyzes the birth, development, and potential impact of ChatGPT on the existing international order from the perspective of international competition. It also explores the challenges and opportunities that China faces in this context and emphasizes the importance of global artificial intelligence governance.

1、 The Development of ChatGPT in the Perspective of American Hegemony

In depth exploration of the development stages of artificial intelligence technology was conducted, dividing it into four types: reactive machines, limited memory, theory of mind, and self-awareness. It was pointed out that the current technology mainly implements the first two, while the latter two are still unknown fields. OpenAI, as a non-profit organization, focuses on natural language processing research and has launched the GPT artificial intelligence language model. The GPT-1 version has mediocre performance, while the GPT-2 version uses a large amount of training data and parameters, significantly improving performance. After OpenAI transformed into a commercial enterprise, it collaborated with Microsoft to launch GPT-3 and GPT-3.5. ChatGPT, as an application of GPT-3.5, achieved user interaction. The US government attaches great importance to artificial intelligence and regards it as the key to maintaining hegemony, continuously funding research and development. Digital industry giants such as Microsoft are promoting the development of artificial intelligence and driving industry expansion. The financial industry is seeking new fields for investment growth, and ChatGPT has become an investment hotspot. However, ChatGPT faces practical challenges such as accuracy, security, intellectual property, and commercial profitability. Nevertheless, ChatGPT has become a focal point for digital technology, industry, and economy in the United States, influencing international competition and power dynamics.

2、 ChatGPT and the New Impact of Artificial Intelligence Evolution on International Competition

Deeply analyzed the new impact of ChatGPT and its underlying artificial intelligence technology on the international competitive landscape. Firstly, it points out the new characteristics of international competition in the digital age, including the increasing intensity of technological competition, the induction of all-round competition, the emergence of global features, strategic attention to data and algorithms, the importance of talent competition, and the high cost of competition failure. These characteristics indicate that nation states are the main participants in international competition in the digital age, and major powers are leading this competition, supporting digital technology research and development, and building digital infrastructure to ensure their power and position in the international political and economic landscape.

3、 ChatGPT Phenomenon and the Development of Artificial Intelligence in China

The impact of ChatGPT on China's AI development and the challenges it faces are analyzed in depth. Against the backdrop of intensified competition in digital technology between China and the United States, the Chinese elite are highly concerned about ChatGPT, but have different views on its potential impact. The US strategy of science and technology containment against China has led to the challenges of China's AI development in terms of technology catch-up, academic cooperation and industrial investment. Nevertheless, China has accumulated a certain foundation in the field of artificial intelligence and has the ability to seize opportunities. The Chinese government and enterprises attach great importance to the development of digital technology and have achieved remarkable results, possessing massive data resources and leading international enterprises. Chinese enterprises have a strong interest in the development of artificial intelligence, actively layout industries, and receive attention and support from international capital. The Chinese government advocates ethical governance of artificial intelligence and has issued relevant policy documents to provide institutional guarantees for the development of artificial intelligence.

conclusion

Emphasis was placed on the commercial success of OpenAI and ChatGPT and their impact on public awareness of the potential of artificial intelligence. At the same time, it pointed out the potential risks of generative artificial intelligence, including threats to national security and social unrest. The article also discusses the lack of artificial intelligence governance in international competition in the digital age, as well as the potential for vicious competition in the technology industry and erosion of digital sovereignty. Finally, we call on China to play an active role in global governance of artificial intelligence, strengthen international cooperation, and jointly address risks and challenges.