The importance of establishing consular protection mechanisms in China's diplomatic work was emphasized, and the shortcomings of current research were pointed out. Through questionnaire surveys and interviews, feedback from employees of overseas Chinese funded enterprises, Chinese students studying abroad, and overseas Chinese from 122 countries worldwide was collected to evaluate the effectiveness of China's consular protection mechanism and explore improvement directions.

1、 Basic framework and design of research

The construction of China's consular protection mechanism is a multi-party process aimed at building a grand consular structure, mobilizing resources and strength. With the increase in the number of Chinese citizens and institutions overseas, consular protection tasks have become increasingly heavy. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs summarized the construction of a multi-party participation mechanism, from the "trinity" in 2006 to the "five in one" in 2012, demonstrating the development trend of multi-party participation. Consular protection work follows the principle of prevention first and equal emphasis on prevention and response, and has established early warning and emergency response mechanisms. Questionnaire surveys and interviews focus on the effectiveness of the construction of consular protection warning and prevention mechanisms, including the release of overseas security reminder information, the effectiveness of consular protection publicity activities and training, as well as the implementation of relevant regulations by overseas Chinese enterprises. At the same time, attention is also paid to the effectiveness of the construction of emergency response mechanisms for consular protection, such as the liaison mechanism between Chinese embassies and consulates abroad and local overseas Chinese citizen groups, as well as the role of Chinese citizen groups in emergency response. In addition, the trend of multi-party participation and shared responsibility for protection was discussed, as well as improvements in the construction of consular protection emergency mechanisms.

2、 The effectiveness of the construction of China's consular protection mechanism

The construction of China's consular protection mechanism has achieved remarkable results, reflected in two aspects: early warning and prevention, and emergency response. In the early warning and prevention mechanism, the official overseas security reminder information has received widespread attention. Overseas citizens have basic knowledge of security protection, strong awareness of solidarity and mutual assistance, and most of them share risks by purchasing insurance. Overseas Chinese citizen groups and Chinese funded enterprises establish a security information exchange platform and take preventive measures to protect employee safety. In terms of emergency response mechanisms, Chinese embassies and consulates abroad maintain smooth communication with overseas citizens, ensuring the transmission of emergency information. Overseas citizen groups play an active role in emergency response, such as the Malaysia China Aid Association and the Angola Security Association. Overseas citizens have diversified channels for emergency assistance, and consular protection volunteers and related organizations play an important role in providing protection and assistance.

3、 Shortcomings in the Construction of China's Consular Protection Mechanism

It is pointed out that although the Chinese consular protection mechanism has been effective in early warning and emergency response, there are still shortcomings. The main issues include: limited practical effectiveness of overseas security reminders, and weak links in their release and promotion; The role of overseas Chinese citizen associations and private security companies has not been fully utilized; Insufficient promotion and popularization of laws and regulations in the host country; The utilization rate of the 12308 hotline needs to be improved. Specifically, safety reminders have failed to effectively reduce the number of Chinese citizens traveling to dangerous areas, and some citizens have ignored reminders due to economic interests; The safety reminder release column is inconsistent, the content is vague, and the release is not timely enough; Not being familiar with the laws and regulations of the host country is the main reason for illegal and irregular behavior; The role of overseas organizations in emergency response has not been fully utilized, and the pace of private security companies going global is slow; The 12308 hotline has a high awareness rate but low usage rate. These issues have affected the effectiveness of the consular protection mechanism and require further improvement and refinement.

4、 Improvement direction for the construction of China's consular protection mechanism

Explored the improvement direction of China's consular protection mechanism construction and proposed four main improvement measures. Firstly, it is recommended to establish regulatory and punitive mechanisms to enhance the practical effectiveness of overseas safety reminders, including restricting citizens from traveling to high-risk areas through legal means and linking them to travel insurance policies. Secondly, it is proposed to refine the release of overseas security reminders and establish a public feedback mechanism to improve the pertinence and effectiveness of information release. Thirdly, emphasize the use of technological means, such as big data analysis, to enhance the accuracy of consular protection warnings and strengthen legal education promotion. Finally, it is recommended to tap into the potential of non-governmental forces, including guiding overseas Chinese citizens to establish mutual aid organizations, encouraging private security companies to provide services to overseas Chinese enterprises and citizens, and expanding the sources of overseas security reminder information through government civilian cooperation.

5、 Conclusion

Consular protection and services are important components of China's distinctive diplomacy as a major country, reflecting the concept of "putting the people at the center" in diplomatic work. China has established a five in one consular protection mechanism to effectively protect the rights and interests of overseas citizens and institutions. Questionnaire surveys, interviews, and literature data indicate that the construction of consular protection mechanisms has achieved significant results, but improvements and optimizations are still needed in terms of the effectiveness of overseas security reminder information and the role of social resources in emergency response. With the commitment of "diplomacy for the people is always on the road", the consular protection mechanism will continue to be improved.