1 Introduction

This article introduces the background and basic viewpoints of the construction grammar school, emphasizing that "construction" is the fundamental unit of representation in language systems. Constructive grammar regards the special pairing of "form meaning" as the fundamental unit of language and has now developed into one of the mainstream grammar theories. The chapter also discusses two types of language evolution: construction and construction evolution. It points out that construction is the process of new construction, while construction evolution involves changes in the internal dimensions of construction. The two are interrelated and provide effective tools for the transformation of construction features, functions, and relationships.

Overview of the Study on the Structure of Russian Prerequisite 2

Russian prepositions are function words that express syntactic connections between nouns, and there are a large number of compound prepositions in Russian that perform prepositional functions. The "80 Years of Grammar" lists 118 non primitive prepositions, divided into nominative, gerund, and adverbial prepositions. In actual communication, the number of words with equivalent functions to prepositions far exceeds this number, but it has not received sufficient attention from the academic community. Rogohnikova referred to this type of structure as the "equivalent unit of prepositions", Vsevolodova proposed the concepts of "quasi prepositions" and "quasi prepositions", and Vinogradova pointed out the functional equivalence relationship between derived prepositions and adverbs. The functional meaning of equivalent prepositions in Russian compound prepositions cannot be fully deduced from their constituent components, which increases the difficulty of analysis. Previous studies have mainly focused on syntactic functional perspectives, with insufficient attention paid to the internal relationships of compound words, and have not included them in a unified framework to explore their derivative mechanisms and evolutionary paths. This study is based on the theory of construction grammar and analyzes the interactive relationship between the internal formal semantic features and syntactic functions of compound prepositions.

The interactive relationship between the construction meaning of prepositions and internal terms

The compound word position that performs the function of prepositional syntax in Russian has been redefined as the "prepositional construction", and Gordon Berg's definition is cited to explain the construction. The construction of Russian prepositions is a special pairing of "form meaning", which has independent meanings and does not follow conventional combinations. The construction meaning of prepositions constrains the syntactic combination pattern of lexical items, and preposition structures have the holistic characteristics of lexical units while retaining the recursive ability of syntactic units. The expressive ability of concrete terms is constrained by the construction meaning, which has limitations on the insertion position and quantity of expanded terms. The construction meaning of prepositions also limits the syntactic combination of lexical items and their dominant components, such as requiring the use of possessive nouns or noun phrases. From a semantic perspective, the construction meaning goes beyond the literal meaning of words and has subjective, dynamic, and abstract characteristics. The construction meaning of prepositions can suppress the original semantic content of component terms and transform into a structural marker that represents the "identity role" of a person or the "function" of a thing. The semantics of component terms are weakened or abstracted in the subjective cognition of communicative subjects, and gradually solidified with widespread use.

The type diagram network of prepositional constructions

Based on the classification method proposed by Philmer et al., the structure of Russian prepositions was classified and divided, and a "preposition construction library" was constructed. Through comparative analysis, it was found that prepositional constructions exhibit typological patterns in the assembly patterns of components, divided into two categories: schematic prepositional constructions and entity prepositional constructions. Schema type preposition constructions are open or semi open abstract framework structures that can be produced, including four subgraphs: "preposition+noun", "preposition 1+noun+preposition 2", "adverb+preposition", and "subverb+preposition". The construction of entity prepositions is a closed structure without productivity, and its constituent elements are irreplaceable, divided into two types: diachronic evolution and synchronic variation. The diachronic evolution type prepositional construction is formed by the fusion of grammatical distances between internal terms in the schema type construction, such as вокруг, вдаль, навстреチу, etc. The construction of a synchronic variant entity preposition is a product of the "use variation" of the actual word in a specific context, and there are "functional homophones" that have the same spelling but different meanings and functions. Finally, the type diagram network of Russian preposition constructions is shown in Figure 1.

The construction path of prepositional constructions

The study of construction grammar focuses on the historical evolution of construction, and Traugot and Tronsdale divide the construction path into two ways: lexical construction and grammatical construction. The path of lexical construction involves the transformation of syntactic structures into fixed psychological vocabulary of "syntax semantics", such as the idiomatic and de syntactic transformation of the "preposition+noun" structure. The syntactic construction path describes the transformation of actual words into functional function words, accompanied by semantic generalization and syntactic dependency. The evolution of prepositional constructions can also be a composite path of "grammaticalization+lexicalization", where random terms are first grammaticalized and then combined with prepositions to form new idiomatic units.

6 Conclusion

This study is based on the theory of construction grammar, which re integrates and describes the structure of Russian prepositions, emphasizes the importance of preposition construction in the Russian grammar system, and points out its frequent use in modern Russian communication. The study suggests that prepositional constructions are crucial for forming different styles of Russian language, and mastering these constructions can help improve Russian expression skills. However, there is insufficient attention paid to this in domestic Russian language textbooks, and traditional teaching methods cannot reveal the linguistic essence of prepositional structures, leading to difficulties in students' understanding. In addition, research suggests that attention should be paid to the standardization of construction units in corpus processing to avoid erroneous disassembly that may affect statistical results. Finally, the study suggests that building a prepositional structure knowledge base or dictionary for Russian language teaching and research has practical value.