1 Introduction

The importance of population migration in the global economy and development was discussed, especially the large-scale population migration caused by water conservancy projects in China. Since the 1950s, at least tens of millions of people have migrated due to hydraulic engineering, and these immigrants are known as hydraulic engineering immigrants. The relocation of these immigrants is passive, and their resettlement and language adaptation issues cannot be ignored. Due to changes in living environment, immigrants may face language communication difficulties in meeting basic living needs and need to learn Mandarin or local dialects to adapt to the new environment. As a typical case, the Four Seasons Red immigrants, although they have been living in their new place for 59 years, still insist on using their hometown dialect. At the same time, influenced by the local dialect and Mandarin, their hometown dialect has undergone variations and changes in pronunciation, vocabulary, and other aspects.

2 Research Background

Explored the phenomenon of language adaptation and internalization of genes among immigrants, taking the immigrants from the Hongzhexi Reservoir in the Four Seasons as the research object. The government has done a lot of work in areas such as immigration resettlement and economic compensation, but language adaptation is an important factor for immigrants to integrate into their new homes. Since the 1950s, China's hydropower industry has developed rapidly, leading to a large number of population migrations. The construction of Zhexi Reservoir has led to the relocation of residents, and Sijihong Town has become a centralized resettlement area for relocated immigrants. Zhexi dialect is a dialect spoken by immigrants in their hometown, similar to Dongping dialect, and belongs to the Lou Shao branch of Xiang dialect. Population mobility leads to frequent language contact, causing language change issues. Koning internalization is a special case of the emergence of new dialect variants in dialect contact, resulting in the formation of Koning Nei language. The characteristic of immigrant Koine language is "reduction and simplification", which is a new variant produced by mixing, leveling, simplifying, and recombining existing dialects. Once a new dialect is established, it becomes the spoken language of the new community. Kerswill et al. proposed 8 principles for the development process of Cohen internalization, and believed that dialect leveling is an important component. The theory of language adaptation suggests that both parties in a conversation tend to converge in language in order to gain recognition from the other, while the opposite leads to deviation. Immigrants who migrate to different places may approach other dialects through contact with them, narrowing the differences between dialects, but this may lead to the formation of new dialects. Milton Keynes and MLE's research is a classic case of the formation of new dialects. The comprehensive model based on population statistics proposed by Kerswill is of great significance for the formation of new dialects, considering factors such as population mobility, language exposure, community type, and subjective attitudes. Communities are constantly changing, composed of overlapping and constantly evolving social network individuals, and the boundaries between communities are also dispersed.

3 Research Methods

This chapter studies the language changes caused by water conservancy projects through the case of immigrants from the Four Seasons Red Reservoir, assuming the formation of an immigrant type Koine language. Using both participatory and non participatory observation methods, 79 immigrant natural conversation corpora were collected. Divide the survey subjects into three age groups, with children further divided into three age groups. The research method refers to the Kerswill model, guiding the topic to observe the pronunciation of words such as "mold" and "thunder". Collect a total of 16 hours of corpus, record 1463 case words, and analyze them using Goldvarb X software.

4 Research Results and Discussion

In depth exploration was conducted on the language adaptation and internalization phenomena of immigrants in the Four Seasons Hongzhexi Reservoir. Research has found that immigrant groups have formed a unique "Four Seasons Red Dialect" after migration, which combines features such as code mixing, vocabulary borrowing, code switching, and dialect tone. The government's compensation and policy support help immigrants achieve development in the new environment, although language adaptation is generally optimistic, it also faces challenges. Code mixing and vocabulary borrowing are very common in immigrant languages, where immigrants choose different vocabulary based on context to adapt to communication with people from different dialects. The phenomenon of bilingualism or multilingualism is common among immigrants, who are able to freely switch between dialects and Mandarin according to their communication partners. Long term exposure to Yuanjiang dialect and Mandarin has led to phonetic changes in immigrant dialects, mainly manifested as changes in vowels, such as the transition from diphthong [ei] to monophthong [i], which is an important process of language simplification and leveling. The initial consonant changes slightly, while the final vowel changes significantly, indicating that the immigrant dialect has not been assimilated by the dominant local dialect. There are differences in the use of the [i] and [ei] sounds between generations. The first three generations of immigrants tend to use the [i] sound, while the fourth generation of immigrants return to the [ei] sound and are greatly influenced by Mandarin Chinese. Dialects tend to decline among the younger generation, and the popularity of Mandarin has had an impact on dialects. The type of community is related to the formation of the Koine language. Both Sijihong dialect and "Jiangnan dialect" are immigrant Koine languages, but are influenced by different types of communities. The Four Seasons Red dialect is influenced by both surrounding dialects and Mandarin, while the 'Jiangnan dialect' is largely unaffected by surrounding dialects. These research findings reveal the complexity and diversity of language adaptation and internalization processes in immigration.

5 Conclusion

The Four Seasons Red Dialect, a new dialect variant formed under a specific historical background, is a type of immigrant dialect influenced by the local dialect and Mandarin of the first generation of immigrants. This new variant has become the mother tongue of the new generation and the lingua franca of the immigrant community, marking the completion of the internalization process of Koin. Koine language is a special case of language evolution caused by language contact, which is the result of immigrant language adaptation behavior. The variation of immigrant dialects reflects linguistic and cultural diversity, and maintaining linguistic diversity is beneficial for the harmonious development of society. Dialects are carriers of inheriting unique culture and can evoke a sense of belonging and identity. While promoting Mandarin, dialects and their variants should be protected to achieve coexistence and complementarity between Mandarin and dialects.