The food security problems faced by African countries were discussed, especially under the external shocks such as the Russia-Ukraine conflict and climate change. According to a report by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, one-third of the world's hungry people are in Africa, especially in the Horn of Africa region. The World Food Programme emphasizes the need for Africa to expand investment in agriculture and enhance the resilience of communities and individuals to food crises. In recent years, India has made food security a key issue in its cooperation with Africa, but related research has paid less attention to India Africa food security cooperation. This article starts from the perspective of food security, reviews the progress of India's cooperation on non food security, analyzes the driving logic of cooperation, and evaluates the main challenges, aiming to grasp the new situation of India Africa food security cooperation and provide reference for China Africa food security cooperation.

1、 Major progress in India's cooperation on non food security

African countries are facing food security issues, and India is strengthening its food security cooperation with Africa. The progress of cooperation is reflected in the improvement of cooperation mechanisms, deepening of cooperation topics, and diversification of cooperation models. India and Africa have formed a cooperation mechanism with top-level leadership and public-private linkage. Through the summit, the direction of cooperation has been clarified, cooperation frameworks have been signed, agricultural cooperation institutions have been established, and financial and technical support has been provided. India encourages private enterprises to participate in cooperation, such as Paryat Industries' collaboration with Africa to improve agricultural sector productivity. The cooperation topics include agricultural skills training, infrastructure construction, technical assistance, and departmental capacity building. India provides agricultural skills training through the ITEC program, supports the modernization of agricultural infrastructure in African countries, offers agricultural production technology assistance, and enhances the food production capacity of African countries. The cooperation modes include bilateral, trilateral, and multilateral cooperation. India engages in bilateral cooperation with African countries, such as investing in agriculture and providing technological support to Ethiopia. India is engaging in trilateral cooperation with third-party countries such as Brazil and the United States to fill the traditional aid gap in Africa. India is also cooperating with Africa under multilateral frameworks such as the WTO, FAO, and G20 to jointly address food security challenges.

2、 The driving logic behind India's cooperation on non food security

The driving logic of India's cooperation on food security in Africa was discussed, including three levels: economic, political, and strategic. On an economic level, India is expanding its food exports to Africa through food security cooperation, consolidating its economic interests in Africa, and expanding investment opportunities. On a political level, India leverages food security cooperation to enhance its influence in Africa, garnering support from African countries for its accession to the United Nations Security Council, and countering China's influence in Africa. On a strategic level, India and Africa face similar agricultural challenges, and India's agricultural technology is suitable for Africa. Food security cooperation has become an important issue in enhancing the India Africa partnership. India deepens its partnership with Africa through food security cooperation, which is in line with the economic interests and security demands of both sides, and promotes the enhancement of agricultural production capacity and sustainable development.

3、 India's main challenges to non food security cooperation

India's cooperation on food security in Africa faces three major challenges: insufficient complementarity of agricultural technologies, numerous non-tariff barriers, and insufficient investment in agricultural infrastructure. Africa's agricultural technology is backward, and although India has experience in the Green Revolution, its level of agricultural mechanization is not high, resulting in a lack of motivation for cooperation between the two sides. The global food crisis and WTO tariff protection principles have led to an increase in non-tariff measures in India Africa food trade, affecting bilateral cooperation. Africa's agricultural infrastructure is weak, and India's investment in Africa is concentrated on land rather than infrastructure, which limits the depth of food security cooperation. Indian companies purchase land in Africa to grow crops to meet domestic demand, but insufficient investment in agricultural infrastructure limits further development of cooperation.

4、 Conclusion

Emphasize the importance of food security issues in Africa and point out that India and Africa have formed a multi-level mechanism for cooperation in this field, covering both traditional and emerging issues. India's cooperation models include bilateral, trilateral, and multilateral cooperation aimed at maintaining economic interests, expanding partnerships, and enhancing influence. However, cooperation faces challenges such as insufficient technological complementarity, non-tariff barriers, and insufficient capital investment. In the future, India needs to explore new agricultural investment paths and relax market access restrictions to deepen cooperation. At the same time, it is recommended that China build a cooperation model through multilateral platforms based on the actual needs of Africa, invest in key areas, provide knowledge and skills training, and guide global development initiatives to align with African countries' strategies, in order to enrich the content of the China Africa community of shared future and establish a responsible national image.