1、 Introduction

Hindi, as a inflectional language, has a rich system of morphological changes and strong morphological productivity. This article is based on the theory of linguistic morphology and adopts the frameworks of distributed morphology and structural morphology to describe and explain the morphological concepts, methods, and systems of modern Hindi from the perspectives of morphemes and words, exploring its composition and characteristics. Folding is an important morphological symbol and technique in Hindi. Traditional Hindi grammar research focuses on inflectional changes, but does not involve internal morphological structure, morphological functional attributes, morphological means rules, and syntactic meaning and grammatical functions. Andrew Spencer and Arnold M. Zwicky provide theoretical explanations for the rationale, function, types, and implementation process of bending changes. Geert Booij distinguishes between intrinsic inflection and contextual inflection, analyzes the morphological syntactic categories and features of inflection changes, and explains the difference between inflection and derivation. This article will study the inflectional changes in Hindi under the guidance of linguistic morphology theory, especially within the framework of distributed morphology.

2、 Theoretical basis and analytical framework

Distributed Morphology (DM) was proposed by Halle and Marantz, advocating for non independent modules in the lexicon and distributing morphological operations across different components of the syntax system. Under the DM framework, language forms are distributed to narrow syntax and syntactic operations, responsible for generating syntactic units and filling in phonological information, respectively. DM divides the word library into terminal table, vocabulary table, and encyclopedia table, which are responsible for syntactic deduction, phonological content provision, and semantic representation, respectively. Morphological operations occur after syntactic deduction, including decorative operations and node operations such as fusion and splitting. The concept of morphological construction was proposed by Bloomfield and later used in syntactic analysis by construction grammar and construction morphology, emphasizing the pairing of form and meaning. Construct morphology is based on constructs and analyzes the methods of form meaning pairing at the lexical level. This article uses DM and morphological construction theory to study the Hindi inflectional morphological system and explore the phenomena of intrinsic inflectional and contextual inflectional.

3、 Analysis of Hindi inflectional forms

In depth exploration of the inflectional morphological system in Hindi was conducted. Firstly, it was pointed out that the traditional grammar of Hindi lacks the concept of linguistic morphology, and derivations and inflections were classified under the research categories of lexical structure and morphological structure, respectively. Inflectional changes are defined as morphological changes, used to express the syntactic relationships between words, manifested as the morphological and syntactic features of words, and belong to the intermediate category of lexical and syntactic changes. Taking the Hindi noun "कुाा/kuta" as an example, this paper demonstrates how inflectional forms express grammatical meanings. Boojj's analysis reveals the inflectional changes of Latin verbs, while the inflectional forms of Hindi verbs are more complex, including features such as sex, person, and number. Hindi has a rigorous system of inflectional morphological changes, which are provided by syntax and manifested in the morphological changes of words, thereby affecting phonetics. The inflectional form is the manifestation of syntactic representation at the lexical level, with specific morphological attributes, manifested in two levels: morphological syntactic types and features. The types of inflectional forms refer to different dimensions of inflectional changes, such as the number and case of Hindi nouns and the tense, aspect, state, and tone of verbs. The syntactic features of inflectional forms refer to the values expressed in the same inflectional dimension. The research of Guru and Divali provided a standard for the classification of Hindi inflectional forms. Flexural affixes are adhesive word building components, divided into prefixes, suffixes, and infixes, and can be classified into derived affixes and inflectional affixes according to their functions. The inflectional affix only represents the grammatical meaning of the stem and is the result of syntactic representation, while the derived affix changes the meaning and part of speech of the stem, forming a new word. In Hindi, inflectional affixes are mostly suffixes, while derived affixes can be prefixes or suffixes. Affixes with the same form can sometimes be used as inflectional or derived affixes. The inflectional affix is merged with the stem to indicate the grammatical meaning of a word, such as sex, number, case, etc., without generating new words.

4、 Inner inflectional forms in Hindi

Explored the role of Hindi inflectional changes in morphological and syntactic features, particularly the importance of intrinsic inflectional changes in expressing semantics. Taking Hindi nouns as an example, this paper analyzes the classification of internal inflections in traditional grammar, points out the complexity of noun inflectional forms in Guru grammar, and proposes Kachru's simplification of this classification. This study further excluded the role of sexual categories in inflectional categories, organized the morphological characteristics of Hindi masculine and feminine nouns, and proposed using inflectional forms themselves as classification criteria based on Shapiro's viewpoint, thereby simplifying the classification of inflectional changes in Hindi nouns. The study also expanded Shapiro's classification, proposed noun categories without inflectional forms, and provided detailed explanations of the inflectional forms of various nouns.

5、 Contextual inflectional forms in Hindi

Studied the contextual inflectional forms in Hindi, particularly the application of the "याजा/ya ja" construction in passive voice and unnamed voice. The "याजा/ya ja" construction in passive voice is used to express the process of a subject forming a result state under the influence of external forces. Its syntactic form and semantic features include grammatical subjects, predicate verbs, postpositions "स峈/se" or "क峈्ारा/ke dvaara", and natural subjects. The construction of "याजा/ya ja" in the voiceless voice is morphologically similar to the passive voice, but semantically expresses powerless emotions such as "cannot" and "unable". The "से/s" construction in Hindi passive sentences is a postposition word that marks the agent, while the "से/s" construction in the impersonal voice is a semantic case marker. Distributed morphology explains the morphological differences of the "- याजा -/- ya ja -" structure in Hindi passive sentences and unnamed voice sentences through fusion and splitting techniques.

6、 Conclusion

Hindi has a rich system of inflectional forms, which are the manifestation of syntactic representation at the lexical level and possess specific morphological attributes. The study summarized the properties of Hindi inflectional affixes and found that inflectional affixes only represent the grammatical meaning of the stem. Under the framework of distributed morphology theory, the inflectional forms of Hindi nouns were studied, and it was found that the inflectional forms of nouns are complex and have categories of inflectional forms with numbers and cases. The sexual category is not considered as a form category for distributed form examination. This study divides Hindi nouns into five morphological categories, including nouns with empty numerical and case categories, feminine nouns ending in इ/i, ई/ee, या/yaa, feminine nouns with plural nominative case of एँ/en, feminine nouns with plural nominative case of ओं/on, masculine nouns ending in आ/aa, या/yaa, and masculine nouns ending in उ/u, ऊ/o, इ/i, ई A positive noun ending in अ/e or अ/a. The DM theoretical framework provides an economically efficient research paradigm for the analysis of Hindi inflectional forms. The syntactic composition of the - याज - structure was studied from the perspective of structural morphology, and attempts were made to study the intersection of morphology and syntax. It was found that the - याज - structure has the same morphology in passive sentences and unnamed voice sentences in Hindi, but has semantic differences, reflecting the function of integrating morphological means to represent multiple abstract morphemes through the same phonological system.