1. Introduction

This article introduces the expression characteristics of sports events in different languages, Talmy's language classification theory, Slobin's immediate thinking hypothesis, and the application of this hypothesis in second and third language acquisition research. The research results mostly support the immediate thinking hypothesis, but there are also counterexamples. In recent years, research has shown that this hypothesis also holds true in third language acquisition. The acquisition of trilingual sports events also involves the source and nature of transfer, but there is insufficient research attention on this topic. This study will investigate the impact of interlingual similarity on transfer in the production of Japanese sports events by English Japanese learners, and test the instant thinking hypothesis and trilingual acquisition model/hypothesis.

2. Research background

Explored the differences in the expression of sports events between Chinese, English, and Japanese, and pointed out that Chinese belongs to an atypical satellite framework language, while English and Japanese belong to satellite framework and verb framework languages, respectively. There are three modes of lexicalization for sports events: movement+method/reason, movement+path, and movement+graphic. These languages have both similarities and differences in expressing paths, ways, and causative events. Research on second language acquisition shows that there is controversy over the influence of mother tongue on the acquisition of second language movement events, while studies on trilingual acquisition have found that languages with high frequency of exposure have a significant impact on trilingual learning. There are various models/hypotheses regarding the sources and nature of language transfer in trilingual acquisition, including the mother tongue factor hypothesis and the second language status model, but these models/hypotheses have certain limitations. This study eliminates the requirement for trilingual proficiency and expands the applicability of these models/hypotheses from a functional linguistic perspective, and will further test the expanded models/hypotheses.

3. Research Design

This paper introduces the "Comparative Inductive Method Framework for Transfer Studies in Multilingual Production", aiming to analyze the impact of interlingual similarity on native and second language transfer among Chinese English Japanese learners in the production of Japanese sports events. The research focuses on the overall and specific impact of interlingual similarity on native and second language transfer. The subjects are 90 Japanese major students with a basic level of Japanese proficiency, while the control group consists of 22 native Japanese speakers. The research tools include cartoon images and written tests of visual composition with auditory thinking. Participants are required to complete Chinese, English, and Japanese compositions. Corpus annotation and analysis consists of five steps, including annotation of movement event types, correctness of expression, similarity between Chinese Japanese and English Japanese, consistency of meaning, and transfer types. Use AntConc and SPSS tools for data analysis, including frequency extraction, accuracy or transfer percentage calculation, and chi square test.

4. Research results

Analyzed the impact of interlingual similarity on native and second language transfer among Chinese English Japanese learners in the production of Japanese language sports events. Research has found that the accuracy rate of Japanese sports events is 56.4%, with verb errors being the main type of error. The accuracy of path events is the highest, while causing events is the lowest. The chi square test shows that there is no significant difference in the percentage distribution of native language and second language transfer, but the percentage of native language transfer is significantly higher than that of second language transfer. The impact of interlingual similarity on mother tongue and second language transfer is different: under the condition of consistency between Chinese and Japanese, the negative transfer of mother tongue is more than the positive transfer; Under inconsistent conditions, there is more positive migration than negative migration. Under the condition of consistency between English and Japanese, the positive transfer of the second language is significantly higher than under the condition of inconsistency, but there is no significant difference in negative transfer. Specifically for the three types of sports events, Chinese Japanese similarity has a significant impact on native language transfer in path events, while English Japanese similarity has a significant impact on second language transfer in both style and path events.

5. Discussion

Discussed the impact of interlingual similarity on native and second language transfer in the production of Japanese sports events. Research has found that the impact of native language transfer on the production of Japanese language movement events is greater than that of second language transfer, supporting the hypothesis of native language factors and refuting the second language status model. The output of trilingual movement events is influenced by both mother tongue and second language transfer, and the nature of transfer can be positive or negative. The similarity between Chinese and Japanese has no significant impact on native language transfer, while the similarity between English and Japanese has a significant impact on second language transfer. In the production of three types of Japanese language sports events, the transfer of mother tongue and second language shows different expressions, and the influence of interlingual similarity on transfer is also different. The acquisition of path events is the best, with significant positive transfer between mother tongue and second language; The mode event is significantly affected by negative transfer from the mother tongue, but the overall acquisition situation is good; Resulting in unsatisfactory event acquisition, significantly influenced by negative transfer from mother tongue and second language. The consistency between Chinese and Japanese, as well as English and Japanese, did not significantly promote positive transfer, supporting the view that transfer varies with specific language phenomena in the extended surgical knife model and language similarity model. The results of this study provide empirical data for transfer models/hypotheses in trilingual acquisition.

6. Conclusion

This chapter summarizes the influence of native and second language transfer on English Japanese learners in the production of Japanese language sports events. Research has found that mother tongue transfer is more common than second language transfer, and Chinese Japanese similarity has no significant impact on mother tongue transfer, while English Japanese similarity has a significant impact on second language transfer. The acquisition of Japanese path events is the best, followed by method events, resulting in events being the worst. The similarity between Chinese Japanese and English Japanese has different effects on the transfer of mother tongue and second language in the production of different types of sports events. The research supports the extended version of the mother tongue factor hypothesis, instant thinking hypothesis, surgical knife model, and language similarity model. There are limitations to the research, and more factors need to be considered in the future to conduct longitudinal studies.