1、 Introduction

Introduced the background, purpose, and role of Brazil in the World Trade Organization (WTO). The WTO was established in 1995 with the aim of promoting international trade development and liberalization, and safeguarding the interests of developing countries. As a founding member of the WTO, Brazil has promoted agricultural trade system reform as a spokesperson for developing countries. After the 2008 financial crisis, the WTO faced a crisis of marginalization, and developing countries such as Brazil actively participated in the exploration of WTO reform. The Bolsonaro government has abandoned special and differential treatment, but still maintains a flexible and cooperative attitude towards developing countries on issues such as dispute resolution. Brazil continues its pragmatic thinking in WTO reform, which has a guiding role in the stance of Latin American members. The article will use role theory to analyze Brazil's role evolution in WTO reform, providing experience and inspiration for China's reform of the global economic governance system.

2、 An analytical framework for conflicts of national roles

Deeply explored the origin, development, and application of the theory of state roles in international relations. Role theory originated from the field of drama and was later introduced into socialization theory research to describe individuals' behavioral patterns in social relationships. In international relations, the role of a state is defined as the behavioral pattern of a state in the international system, which is influenced by factors such as decision-makers' role cognition, other role regulations, and international laws. The external roots of the role of the state include the system structure, expectations of others, and provisions of international organizations or treaties. The emergence of role conflicts arises from the contradictions between multiple roles faced by countries in different international environments, which may hinder the practice of national roles. To cope with role conflicts, countries can adopt strategies such as adjusting self-awareness, changing external expectations, or adopting compromises and avoidance. By analyzing Brazil's role conflicts in WTO reform, a new perspective is provided for understanding the behavior patterns of medium-sized powers in multilateral trade governance.

3、 The formation of Brazil's self-awareness in WTO reform

Explored the formation process of Brazil's self-awareness in WTO reform. Brazil plays a leading role in the multilateral trading system, which is shaped by its rich experience in participation and interest concerns. In history, Brazil achieved political independence and resolved territorial disputes through international negotiations, but still relied economically on major powers. After the war, Brazil attempted to create a favorable institutional environment for its own rise through negotiations, and multilateralism became the dominant foreign policy. Brazil actively participated in the construction of the multilateral trading system. During the GATT period, Brazil promoted the inclusion of the Generalized System of Preferences into the GATT rules system, establishing its dominant position among developing countries. Before the Uruguay Round negotiations, Brazil and India formed a group of 10 countries to oppose the introduction of new issues by developed members. Faced with US trade sanctions, Brazil recognizes the fragility of a single alliance relationship and is determined to intervene in rule making through extensive cooperation. After the establishment of the WTO, Brazil played an active role in the reform of the agricultural trade system, leading the formation of the "G20 Coordination Group" to promote North South dialogue. After the 2014 economic crisis, Brazil's attention and investment in global governance were limited, and the Temer government opened free trade negotiations with the European Union and other countries, weakening its participation in the WTO. The Bolsonaro government has turned right and supported the positions of developed members on transparency and other issues, weakening the bargaining power of southern countries. Despite this, Brazil still maintains its self-awareness as a leader and hopes to promote its pursuit of global power status through leading WTO reforms. Brazil's regional integration provides support for its role recognition. Despite the economic recession and right turn weakening its ability to participate in multilateral trade governance, Brazil is still committed to promoting WTO reform in line with its own interests.

4、 WTO members' expectations for Brazil's role

Discussed the expectations of WTO members regarding Brazil's role in WTO reform. Developing members expect Brazil to serve as a promoter of fair trade, utilizing its development experience to establish more equitable international trade rules and environment, but do not want Brazil to dominate their actions and demands. South American countries hope that Brazil can help expand their market share in agricultural products, while non South American members of the G20 coordination group hope that Brazil will support the reduction of export subsidies to provide more fair competition conditions. Developed members expect Brazil to work with them as a maintainer of the current trade order. They hope Brazil can play a bridging role in agricultural trade, facilitate multilateral trade agreements, and demonstrate leadership in WTO reform. In addition, developed members also expect Brazil to cooperate with them in affairs outside the WTO framework, such as joining the OECD and strengthening the openness of trade and investment systems, in order to bring Brazil into the Western strategic track and maintain the dominant position of Western countries in the current international order.

5、 Two ways for Brazil to deal with role conflicts

Explored the ways to address the two conflicting roles that Brazil faces in WTO reform. During the Doha Round of agricultural negotiations, Brazil adopted a "responsive" response model, integrating into the global economy through the establishment of extensive strategic alliances, promoting fair trade, and striving for institutional arrangements that benefit developing members without challenging the dominant position of Western countries in the international order. The G20 coordination group proposed by Brazil is the main negotiating group for developing countries, with the core demand of canceling production support and export subsidies for agricultural products in developed countries. Brazil played the role of a "coordinator of group interests" by communicating demands and mediating deadlocks among different negotiation groups, but failed to promote the formation of a comprehensive agreement in the Doha Round negotiations.

6、 Conclusion

Brazil plays a complex role in WTO reform, both pursuing political power status and serving as a pivot for other members of the system to promote changes in international trade rules. In the Doha Round negotiations, Brazil attempted to provide an intermediary solution as a "coordinator of group interests", but its role conflict intensified with changes in international economic power. The Bolsonaro government adopts a flexible stance and plays the role of a 'reform force disruptor'. The transformation of Brazil's role is influenced by the country's economic situation. Although its foreign policy is affected by changes in international economic power, the demand for trade network density will balance its relationship with developed and developing members in the long run. China should strengthen bilateral trade and investment exchanges with Brazil to provide an economic environment for deepening cooperation in WTO reform. The changing role of Brazil also reflects the importance of maintaining strategic composure during the period of international pattern transformation. With the rise of left-wing political parties in Latin America and the return of the Brazilian Labor Party, Brazil faces even more severe role conflicts in WTO reform. President Lula proposed the "Peace G20" initiative, demonstrating his determination to return to the global governance stage. Brazil signed an important document at the 13th Ministerial Conference of the WTO, seeking substantive reforms and promoting the construction of a more equitable trade discipline. The "the Belt and Road" initiative and the BRICS New Development Bank and other cooperation will provide foreign investment channels for Latin American market integration and connectivity construction, help China and Latin America explore common interests in e-commerce, digital economy and other issues, and enhance Brazil's strategic determination to participate in WTO reform.