We discussed how to improve the effectiveness of middle school moral and legal education by transforming teaching ideas, integrating ideological and political resources, and introducing problem-based teaching in the context of integrating ideological and political courses in primary, secondary, and tertiary schools, in order to promote the common development of students' moral and intellectual education.

1、 Overview of topic based teaching

Topic based teaching is a teaching method that takes exploring topics as the starting point, subject knowledge as the support, and improving core competencies as the goal. It emphasizes student participation and social practice, making teachers guides. Applying problem-based teaching in middle school ethics and rule of law classes can broaden students' thinking space and deepen their understanding of teaching content. In the context of the new curriculum reform, teachers should set up topics related to students' lives and social issues to improve teaching effectiveness and promote the integration of ideological and political education in primary, secondary, and tertiary schools.

2、 The necessity of conducting topic based teaching in middle school ethics and rule of law classrooms

Emphasis was placed on the importance of implementing topic based teaching in middle school ethics and rule of law classrooms. Firstly, topic based teaching is an effective means to achieve the goal of cultivating students' moral character, which helps to cultivate their socialist core values and patriotism. Secondly, it meets the needs of the new curriculum reform for the transformation of teaching modes, driving students' active thinking through problem scenarios, enhancing their thinking ability and understanding of course content. Finally, topic based teaching conforms to the laws of students' physical and mental development. Through teaching topics that are close to life, it promotes students' physical and mental health development, and is an important way to cultivate ideological and political literacy and reform teaching models.

3、 The practical path of problem-based teaching in junior high school morality and rule of law classrooms under the background of integrated ideological and political courses in primary, secondary, and tertiary schools

Explored the practical path of problem-based teaching in middle school morality and rule of law classrooms under the background of integrating ideological and political courses in primary, secondary, and tertiary schools. Firstly, it is emphasized that topic design should be closely integrated with textbook content, students' actual situations, and life elements to ensure that the topics are consistent with teaching objectives and can stimulate students' interest. Secondly, it is proposed to optimize teaching activities by creating scenarios, enhance students' experiential effects, enable them to connect knowledge with life, and improve their practical application abilities. Next, the discussion focused on cleverly raising doubts to promote students' active thinking and improve their thinking abilities. Teachers should design valuable questions and guide students to engage in dialectical discussions. Finally, it is emphasized to organize a variety of practical activities to consolidate teaching effectiveness, such as group discussions, speeches, debates, and mock courts, in order to improve students' overall quality and classroom vitality.

4、 Conclusion

In the context of the integration of ideological and political courses in primary, secondary, and tertiary schools, the use of topic based teaching in middle school moral and legal classrooms helps students understand problems from multiple perspectives, promote knowledge mastery and thinking development. Teachers need to scientifically design topics, create teaching scenarios, guide students to participate, in order to achieve the goals of the new curriculum reform, cultivate students' core competencies, and leverage the educational role of topic based teaching.