1、 Introduction

Introduced the concept of language contact and its impact on language change, including language influence, language use, and language conversion. It is particularly pointed out that Chinese has been influenced by multiple languages both domestically and internationally in its historical development, especially its close contact with Russian. The article emphasizes the impact of Sino Russian language contact on the structure of Chinese, including vocabulary, morphology, syntax, and semantics, which have both surface and deep effects. At the same time, it is pointed out that research on the contact between Chinese and Russian languages has not received sufficient attention in the domestic academic community, especially the study of the influence of Russian on the semantic system of Chinese. This article aims to apply sociolinguistic theory and explore the influence of Russian on the semantic system of Chinese through synchronic, diachronic, and comparative research methods, in order to enrich the language contact theory of Chinese sociolinguistics and enhance our understanding of the formation and development of contemporary Chinese.

2、 The Explicit Influence of Russian on the Semantic System of Chinese

Explored the explicit influence of Russian on the semantic system of Chinese, pointing out that the semantic system is composed of combinatorial relationships and aggregation relationships, where combinatorial relationships involve the collocation of semantic units, and aggregation relationships are determined based on comparison. Russian has significantly enriched the semantic system of Chinese and filled in the gaps by introducing Russian source words. These Russian source words include transliterated words, imitated words, and translated words, covering new concepts in multiple fields such as socialist revolution, construction, and culture. For example, phonetic translations of words such as "Soviet", "Bolsheviks", "Katyusha", as well as imitations of words such as "Red Army", "Communist Youth League", "planned economy", and free translation words such as "teaching and research office", "associate doctorate", and "Young Pioneers" have all influenced the Chinese semantic system to varying degrees. According to research, there are over 1200 Chinese Russian source words in modern Chinese, and their widespread influence is reflected in various aspects such as politics, military, economy, culture and education, science and technology, daily life, and justice.

3、 The implicit influence of Russian on the semantic system of Chinese

Explored the implicit influence of Chinese Russian language contact on the Chinese semantic system, namely the phenomenon of transplanting and introducing Russian derived meanings of Chinese inherent words under the influence of Russian. Research has shown that when Chinese introduces the concept of Russian origin, in addition to transliteration, imitation translation, and free translation, it also uses transplantation methods to create new Russian origin meanings for some inherent words. For example, the term "satellite" has given rise to new words such as "satellite field" after introducing the concept of "artificial satellite"; The term 'advanced' has expanded its part of speech from an adjective to a noun after introducing the concept of 'a person or collective who can serve as a role model by surpassing others in their work'; The term 'work study students' has added a new meaning after introducing the concept of' young students who have committed minor illegal and criminal acts and receive special education in work study schools'; The term "chameleon" became a polysemous word after introducing the metaphorical meaning of "someone who is good at change and disguise"; After introducing the concept of score levels in the Soviet education system, words such as "five points", "four points", "three points", "two points/two points", and "one point" respectively produced Russian derived meanings indicating different levels. The emergence of these transplanted and imported Russian derived semantic terms in the Chinese semantic system is an implicit influence of Russian on the Chinese semantic system in Sino Russian language contact, which is highly covert and difficult to detect.

4、 The Influence of Russian on the Combination Relationship of Chinese Semantic System

Explored the influence of Chinese Russian language contact on the combination relationship of Chinese semantic system. Research has found that some Chinese morphemes or words have produced imitative and imported Russian derived meanings in the contact between Chinese and Russian languages, forming new semantic combination patterns. Specifically, it includes:

5、 The influence of Russian on the aggregation relationship of Chinese semantic system

Explored the influence of Russian on the aggregation relationship of Chinese semantic system, mainly manifested in the phenomenon of synonymous, synonymous, and homophonic differences caused by borrowing Russian source words from Chinese. Specifically, it includes: 1 The phenomenon of synonyms between Russian transliterated words and free translated words caused by different borrowing methods, such as "Kang Misha" and "Political Commissar"; 2. The synonymous phenomenon of the same transliterated Russian word due to different word choices, such as "vodka" and "vodka"; 3. Is there any synonymous phenomenon caused by slight sounds in transliteration, such as "ruble" and "ruble power"; 4. The synonymous phenomenon caused by differences in translator's understanding in free translation, such as "teaching and research group" and "teaching and research office"; 5. The synonymous phenomenon caused by differences in translator's understanding in the imitation translation method, such as "collective farm" and "collective farm"; 6. The phenomenon of synonyms formed between Russian derived words and Chinese inherent words, such as "bragi" and "dress"; 7. The phenomenon of homophones and antonyms formed between Russian transliterated words, such as "Lapu" and "Lapu"; 8. The phenomenon of homophones and antonyms formed between Russian transliterated words and Chinese inherent words, such as "wagan" and "wagan". These phenomena have enriched Chinese vocabulary, but also brought about certain ambiguities and difficulties in understanding, which have had a profound impact on the Chinese semantic system.

6、 Conclusion

In the contact between Chinese and Russian languages, Russian has had a profound impact on the semantic system of Chinese, including changes in explicit, implicit, combinatorial, and aggregation relationships. The introduction of Russian derived words has supplemented the Chinese semantic system with socialist related concepts and filled the gap. Chinese morphemes or meanings undergo semantic changes due to the influence of Russian, such as the addition of Russian derived semantic terms. In addition, the Chinese semantic system has undergone changes in its combination and aggregation relationships under the influence of Russian, such as the addition of imitative and imported Russian source meanings, as well as the increase in synonymous, near synonymous, and homophonic phenomena. Research has pointed out that semantic evolution is a weak area in the study of Chinese language history, and previous studies have mostly been conducted in the context of Chinese linguistics, lacking a cross linguistic perspective, especially a language contact perspective. This study provides a new perspective and approach for the study of semantic evolution in Chinese.