The paper focuses on the production of nouns, verbs, and adjectives in the spoken language of elderly people in rural areas, exploring their language life and abilities. The proportion of population aged 65 and above in China is 13.50%, with higher rates in rural areas, and the aging problem is severe. Linguistics research on the elderly started earlier in foreign countries and later in China, but has received increasing attention in recent years. The Gu Yueguo team has made significant contributions in the field of geriatric linguistics. Domestic research focuses more on the language of elderly patients with age-related diseases, and there is less research on the language of normal aging elderly people.

1 Research Design

This chapter elaborates in detail on the research design of the production of oral real words for elderly people in Shiyuan Village, Ganzhou. The study focuses on 21 elderly people aged 80 to 90 without major illnesses, using face-to-face interviews with topics covering six aspects including life experiences, family status, and health status. The interview will be conducted in a quiet environment, recorded with a recording pen, and dialect vocabulary will be retained when transcribing. The study measures vocabulary richness from three dimensions: vocabulary density, diversity, and complexity to evaluate the vocabulary production ability of elderly people.

The richness of the output of the three major substantive words for elderly people in rural areas

By analyzing the oral production of elderly people in Shiyuan Village, Ganzhou, this study explores the richness of the production of nouns, verbs, and adjectives among elderly people in rural areas. The study used three dimensions of vocabulary density, diversity, and complexity for quantitative analysis. The results of vocabulary density show that the total density of the three major substantive words in the spoken language of elderly people is 46.7%, with verbs and nouns having significantly higher density than adjectives. The analysis of lexical diversity shows that nouns have the strongest diversity, while adjectives have the weakest diversity. The analysis of vocabulary complexity found that verbs have the highest complexity and nouns have the lowest. After comprehensive calculation using the entropy weight method, the richness value of nouns is the highest, while that of adjectives is the lowest. These findings reveal the characteristics and differences in the use of actual words in oral production among elderly people in rural areas, providing empirical data for understanding their language abilities.

Gender differences in the richness of the production of three major substantive words among elderly people in rural areas

Explored the gender differences in nouns, verbs, and adjectives in oral production among elderly people in rural areas. Research has found that the noun density and diversity of elderly males are higher than those of females, while the verb density and adjective density of elderly females are higher than those of males. In terms of complexity, the noun complexity of elderly women is higher than that of men, while the verb and adjective complexity of elderly men is higher than that of women. Correlation analysis shows that there is a significant correlation between noun density, adjective density, and verb complexity and gender. The number of place names and personal names produced in the spoken language of elderly men is significantly higher than that of women, which may be related to their broader interpersonal communication. The frequency and diversity of adjectives used by elderly women are higher than those used by men, which may be related to their innate delicate personality and higher sensitivity to things. Although elderly women use verbs more frequently than men, the diversity and complexity of male verbs are higher, indicating that the quality of male verb use is better than that of women.

Cultural level differences in the richness of the three major substantive words produced by elderly people aged 4

Explored the influence of cultural level on the production of nouns, verbs, and adjectives in the spoken language of elderly people. Research has found that cultural level has a significant impact on vocabulary density, diversity, and complexity. Specifically, high educated elderly individuals have significantly higher density, diversity, and complexity of adjectives compared to low educated elderly individuals; In terms of verb diversity and complexity, it is significantly higher than that of elderly people with low knowledge; In terms of noun diversity, it is also significantly higher than that of elderly people with low knowledge. The verb density of elderly people with low knowledge is significantly higher than that of elderly people with high knowledge. This indicates that cultural level has a significant impact on the vocabulary production ability of elderly people, and highly educated elderly people have an advantage in the richness of vocabulary production.

5 Conclusion

The paper emphasizes that language research should pay attention to differences among users, especially the use of oral nouns by elderly people in rural areas. Research has found that nouns, verbs, and adjectives account for half of the total number of words in the spoken language of elderly people, with the most types of nouns, the highest frequency of verb usage, and the lowest frequency of adjective usage. Gender differences are significant in noun density, adjective density, and verb complexity, with males having higher noun and verb complexity than females, and females having higher adjective density than males. The level of education has a significant impact on vocabulary production, with high educated seniors having a stronger density, diversity, and complexity of adjectives and verbs than low educated seniors, and low educated seniors having a stronger density of verbs than high educated seniors.