The Central and Eastern European region has long been at the forefront of civilization conflicts and imperial games in history, forming a complex ethnic and linguistic landscape. In the early modern period, the self-awareness of various ethnic groups in Central and Eastern Europe awakened, and language became an important basis for strengthening national identity and advocating national rights. Language plays a crucial role in the process of mutual construction between ethnic groups and states, but this process has not yet been fully completed in Central and Eastern Europe. There are complex ethnic mixing phenomena and cross-border ethnic issues in the Central and Eastern European region. After World War I, the Paris Peace Conference established many nation states, but made nearly 20% of the population in the region ethnic minorities. After World War II, relevant countries implemented measures such as "border adjustment" or "population exchange", but did not achieve the expected results. During the Cold War, Central and Eastern European countries downplayed the nationalist color in their language policies. After the dramatic changes in Eastern Europe, nationalist factors have once again become prominent in the language affairs of Central and Eastern European countries. The language policy of the European Union has binding force on Central and Eastern European countries, prompting them to balance the rights of minority languages while enhancing their official language status. After the accession of Central and Eastern European countries to the EU, the possibility of regional autonomy for ethnic minorities has become extremely rare. Seeking cultural autonomy from the perspective of protecting language and cultural diversity has become a more practical choice. Currently, there are still five countries in Central and Eastern Europe that are outside the EU's borders, with prominent ethnic conflicts and cross-border ethnic issues leading to regional tensions. Under the influence of complex historical factors, Central and Eastern European countries have failed to experience a gradual "organic" development. The sudden transformation has made them face two major tasks at the same time: "building/consolidating nation states" and "returning to Europe". The two have incompatible and even contradictory requirements for language policies. Although the process of European integration has constantly encountered setbacks and challenges, the concept of multilingual system proposed from the perspective of language resource protection and utilization is still the best solution to alleviate ethnic and linguistic conflicts in Central and Eastern Europe.