During the Warring States period, Shang Yang proposed the legal concept of "no hierarchy of punishment", advocating that the law should have supreme status and that violations of the law should be punished regardless of their status. This ideology aims to oppose aristocratic privileges, strengthen the authority of monarchs, and promote political reform. Shang Yang's viewpoint is in line with the spirit of modern rule of law, emphasizing that everyone is equal before the law. In the Book of Shang Jun, it is mentioned that anyone, from ministers and generals to officials and commoners, who violates the king's orders, national laws, or undermines the state system, should be sentenced to death and cannot be pardoned.