Emphasis was placed on General Secretary Xi Jinping's expectations for ideological and political education teachers, namely to enhance teaching effectiveness and cultivate students' core subject literacy. Through two teaching design cases, the application of problem-based teaching in improving classroom effectiveness and teacher motivation, initiative, and creativity is demonstrated.

1、 Topic driven design

The application of topic based teaching in high school ideological and political courses was discussed, emphasizing the importance of topic design. Guided by the Curriculum Standards for Ideological and Political Education in Ordinary High Schools and the Curriculum Standards for Moral and Legal Education in Compulsory Education, problem-based teaching aims to promote teaching through teacher-student interaction and an open and democratic atmosphere. The topic design should reflect the ideas of activity-based subject courses and carefully design activities around the topic. The teaching designs of Teacher Liu Rui and Teacher Zhang Li respectively focus on the overall topics of "how to confine power in the cage of the system" and "how to understand that the constitution is the general charter for governing the country and ensuring national security". They have designed three sub topics and guided students to understand the importance of state institution setting, power operation, and regulation through diverse teaching activities such as videos, pictures, and role-playing. The instructional design also emphasizes understanding students' understanding and existing experience of the topic, as well as the practical value of the topic, ensuring that teaching activities are closely integrated with social hotspots and students' actual lives, and cultivating students' core competencies.

2、 Hot topics assist teaching

Explored how to integrate social hot topics into topic based teaching design to enhance teaching effectiveness. Through the teaching design cases of two teachers, Liu Rui and Zhang Li, the importance of using the TV drama "Crazy Racing" as a teaching case to guide students to understand state institutions, democratic centralism principles, and power norms is demonstrated. Teaching design stimulates students' interest and promotes the cultivation of moral qualities and behavioral habits through video watching, situational tasks, and group collaboration exploration.

3、 Activities promote literacy

The importance of topic based teaching in enhancing students' subject literacy was emphasized, and it was pointed out that teachers should enrich students' experiences and promote the integration of knowledge and action by designing activity-based subject courses. The teaching design of teachers Liu Rui and Zhang Li provides five teaching activities aimed at enabling students to acquire subject knowledge through experiential activities. Activity design should consider the developmental patterns of students' physical and mental health, adopting an easily accepted and participatory approach to ensure that educational outcomes are both interesting and meaningful. At the same time, the activity should have clear goals and clear clues, reflecting the main content and related knowledge of the topic, and be processed in a series. Two teaching designs create diverse scenarios by setting topics and connecting hot topics, guiding students to engage in independent and collaborative exploration and experience, enhancing key abilities, cultivating character, and forming correct values. They have good reference value for frontline ideological and political teachers.