In the 1920s, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks) and the Soviet regime shifted the strategic focus of the "world revolution" to Eastern countries, especially China, Korea, Japan, and Southeast Asia, with the aim of establishing communist organizations and carrying out communist revolutionary movements. Irkutsk became the "capital of revolutionary Siberia" due to its strategic location, and in Soviet and Russian historiography, research has mostly focused on the Soviet Union's civil war and the revolution in Siberia. Although there have been breakthroughs in the field of European and American historiography, the focus is still on the Soviet Russian Civil War. There have been many studies in the Chinese academic community on the implementation and influence of the policies of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Comintern in China, but limited attention has been paid to the cooperation and revolutionary activities between the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Comintern in the Siberian Far East region. Irkutsk, as the headquarters of multiple organizations such as the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks), plays a role as a political, diplomatic, military, and intelligence center in Siberia and the Far East, connecting communist forces and other revolutionary forces from multiple countries. It is not only a red transportation line, but also the location of major events and decisions in the history of the Communist Party of China, as well as the activity site of early leaders and important figures. Therefore, Irkutsk played a key role as the birthplace of the Chinese revolution in the 1920s, making pioneering preparations and launching for the Chinese revolution.

1、 From 'Out of Province' to 'Capital of Revolutionary Siberia'

Detailed description of the historical evolution of the Siberian region and the important position of Irkutsk in it. Siberia initially referred to the area between the Irtysh River and the Ob River. Later, with the support of Tsarist policies and the Stroganov family, Russian power expanded eastward across the Ural Mountains, and the Siberian region rapidly expanded. Irkutsk was founded in 1661 and is located at the intersection of East and West Siberia, serving as the seat of the Siberian Governor General's Office and Military District. Before the October Revolution, Irkutsk had become the center of the revolution, and after the revolution, it became the political, diplomatic, and military center of Siberia. Siberia and Irkutsk provided food and industrial products to Europe and Russia during the period of military communism, and Lenin highly praised their contributions. Irkutsk holds significant importance in trade and politics, with connections to Eastern and Western countries, and serves as a center for foreign espionage activities.

2、 The Chinese Revolution "occurred" in Irkutsk

Irkutsk became one of the cities where Chinese immigrants arrived early due to its geographical location. At the end of the 19th century, due to the need for cheap labor for the construction of the Siberian railway, a large number of Chinese migrated to Russia, especially in the far east of Siberia. The Russian government issued preferential policies to attract immigrants, but the effect was limited, so it began to recruit workers from China, and Shandong Province became the main source of Chinese workers. Before the October Revolution, a large Chinese community had formed. After the October Revolution, the number of Chinese in Soviet Russia decreased slightly, but most still lived in Siberia and the Far East, becoming important targets for the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks) and the Communist International to launch the Chinese Revolution.

3、 Conclusion

Emphasis was placed on Engels and Lefebvre's views on the importance of cities in class struggle and political revolution, particularly the crucial role of Irkutsk in the Russian Revolution of the 1920s and 1930s. Irkutsk is not only the capital of revolutionary Siberia, but also the birthplace of the Chinese revolution. Historian Chernykh and scholar Kulas both emphasized the special status of Irkutsk in Siberia and its crucial role in the Comintern's Far East policy. The work of early leaders of the Communist Party of China in Irkutsk and the revolutionary actions of local Chinese not only promoted the Soviet Revolution, but also sowed the seeds of the Chinese Revolution. The Chinese workers in the Russian Red Army won the respect of the Russian people through sacrifice, and promoted the Russian society's new understanding of Chinese culture and Chinese people.