Slavic literature holds an important position in European culture, with rich intellectual and artistic achievements. In recent years, with Slavic writers winning the Nobel Prize in Literature, their literary value has been internationally recognized. Chinese scholars have begun to pay attention to the historical novelty and value of Slavic literature, but research has mostly focused on the micro level. This article aims to explore the cultural commonalities of Slavic literature from multiple perspectives, including historical trajectories, realism literature, diaspora literature, and postmodernism literature, in order to provide new perspectives for the teaching and research of European literature.

1、 Historical trajectory

Contemporary Slavic literature exhibits similarities in its historical trajectory, which is related to the similar historical fate of various ethnic literature and the influence of European literature, especially Soviet literature. Most Slavic ethnic groups did not establish independent nation states before the second half of the 19th century, and went through a long period of religious literature and folk oral literature. Literature with independent national character emerged relatively late. Except for Poland, the Slavic people were not significantly influenced by modern intellectual and cultural movements such as the Renaissance and Enlightenment. Slavic modern literature lacks clear stages of literary history development such as Neoclassicism, Sentimentalism, Romanticism, etc. in Western European literature, and its literary form is relatively chaotic. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, Slavic literature did not achieve a modern revolution, and modernist literary creation was mostly an isolated literary experiment. The development process of Slavic literature in the 20th century was not synchronized with that of European literature and world literature, and its creative achievements and critical theory were inferior to those of Western Europe and North America. Slavic literature has a natural and long-standing correlation with European literature, mainly reflected in its resistance and collision with the social culture and literature of the suzerain countries. The influence of Soviet literature on contemporary Slavic literature is contextual, permeating the thoughts, minds, and consciousness of writers. After World War II, Bulgarian, Polish, Serbian, and Czech literature all experienced a historical stage dominated by socialist realism founded by the Soviet Union. Social change has set a similar cultural context for the emergence, evolution, and development of contemporary Slavic literature. Different countries have gone through two stages of development: in the first stage, literature connects the social changes and modernization processes of their own ethnic countries, with the presence of European literature; The literature of the second stage completely bid farewell to the Soviet model of literature and rapidly integrated into the context of European and world literature. On the basis of inheriting the tradition of national literature, it continuously drew on the intellectual wisdom and artistic experience of European and American literature, forming a literary landscape of realism, modernism, postmodernism, and "transcendentalism" literature.

2、 The main position of realism literature

After World War II, Slavic society underwent drastic changes, and realism literature maintained its dominant position in various literary trends. Slavic writers focus on major practical issues such as national liberation, anti fascist war, and social change. Realistic literature deeply participates in social processes and leaves a national spiritual map for the times. Under the influence of Soviet revolutionary literary creation ideas, writers attached great importance to political attributes and spiritual beliefs, and realism became the main creative method. With the weakening of ideological and political functions in literary creation, the subjectivity, independence, and freedom spirit of writers are highlighted, and realistic literature presents diversity and diversity. The older generation of writers such as Dimov, Vyzhinov, Radichkov, Congchev, Zagarov, etc., have works that are close to social life and have a strong sense of social responsibility and morality. The new generation of writers, such as Gosputin, focus on real life and human life ideals in their works, constantly exploring artistic forms. Polish writers such as Ivashkevich, Naukovska, Dombrowska, Dostoevsky, Vishnevsky, etc., confront the hardships of Polish history and demonstrate a sense of crisis and humanistic sentiment. Serbian female poet Maximovic and writer Andrich, as well as Czech writers Hrabal and Severt, are full of reflections on the fate of their homeland, national character, war and peace, showcasing the combination of realism and romanticism in their works. Contemporary writers focus on the human soul and psychology, with literature moving closer to philosophy, blending realistic writing with fantasy imagination, presenting various styles such as poetic novels, prose novels, cross genre novels, and new naturalistic novels. Slavic literature has undergone significant changes under the influence of Western literature and the internal updating needs of national literature. Avant garde literature has become an undeniable phenomenon, but the elements of realism have always existed, and the focus of writers has not deviated from social reality and human survival and spiritual states.

3、 The Rise of Overseas Chinese Literature

In the second half of the 20th century, Central and Eastern European countries experienced drastic social changes, with many Slavic writers leaving their homeland for various reasons and becoming expatriates. These writers' lives and creations in foreign lands have formed a unique phenomenon of overseas Chinese literature. They cross national borders, shuttle between different cultures, possess multiple cultural identities and cross-cultural perspectives, engage in dialogue with local culture and literature, and join the world literary tide with their "alternative" characteristics.

4、 Unique Postmodern Literature

Since the 1960s, the postmodern cultural trend has rapidly spread globally and had a profound impact on the culture of the Slavic people. Under the influence of postmodernism, Slavic literature presents unique localized variations. Russian scholar Irin believes that postmodernism has become a lifeline for Slavic culture, while Starikova points out that postmodern literature in Slavic countries is unique, attempting to describe their heterogeneous survival experiences in postmodern language.

5、 Conclusion

Slavic writers have shown confidence, openness, and a proactive attitude, which has promoted the prosperity and development of Slavic literature in the context of globalization. They focus on the proposition of national and human existence, adhere to the spirit of humanism, and have had a significant impact on the development of world literature. Slavic literature has significant value in cultural reconstruction and foreign exchange, serving as an important dimension for studying its characteristics, development patterns, and relationship with world literature. At the same time, it is necessary to consider the multi-ethnic complexity and uniqueness of Slavic literature in order to establish its position and value in world literature.