1. Introduction

Explored the redundant usage of the character "give" in modern Chinese, which appears in "ba" sentences, passive sentences, and ergative sentences without affecting syntax and semantics. The academic research on this phenomenon is mainly divided into preposition theory and particle theory, but both views have problems in explaining the distribution and function of "give" in all sentence structures. The author proposes that "give" has similarities among the three sentence structures and should be treated uniformly. This viewpoint is supported by three aspects: syntactic meaning, linguistic intuition, and empirical research. The article further analyzes the source, usage limitations, and syntactic status of "give", pointing out that it is a verb component. Under the "voice" hypothesis, it proposes that "give" is the phonetic implementation of voice [- D] without demonstrative language, and discusses its function.

2. Source and usage restrictions of "given"

Explored the grammaticalization process and usage limitations of the Chinese character 'give'. The term 'give' has undergone an evolution from a literal term to a grammatical word and then to a linguistic suffix, and its frequency of use significantly increased during the Qing Dynasty. In the grammatical stage, 'give' serves as a preposition to introduce the object of benefit, object of concern, and object of interest, and subsequently develops a new function of introducing the object of service or agent. Entering the stage of affixing, "give" begins to be used as an auxiliary word in "ba" sentences and passive sentences, and its lexical semantics gradually become blurred, and its syntactic status is no longer independent. However, the use of "give" is subject to certain limitations, such as being inappropriate in certain "ba" and "be" phrases. These restrictions are influenced by regional and individual differences, and are related to semantic or pragmatic factors. Despite usage limitations, 'give' still has syntactic properties and can express grammatical or pragmatic functions in specific sentence structures.

3. The syntactic status of 'give'

In depth exploration of the position of the character "give" in Chinese syntax, it is believed that "give" is a verb functional morpheme. By analyzing the combination of adverbs and 'give', such as agent oriented adverbs and manner adverbs, the verb nature of 'give' has been demonstrated. Tang (2001) proposed that "give" is an influenced marker rather than a passive marker, and in subsequent research, it was regarded as a phonetic implementation of the achievement category vBECOME. However, this viewpoint has problems, such as reversing the hierarchical order with the light verb vDO and the co-occurrence of "get" and "give".

4. Analysis of this article

Analyzed the syntactic and semantic functions of the Chinese character "ji", pointing out that "ji" is manifested as intransitive in syntax, but has unclear transitivity in semantics. The article is based on the theory of distributed morphology, which regards "give" as the speech implementation of Voice [- D], that is, it does not introduce external arguments in syntax, but introduces ambiguous external argument variables in semantics. By analyzing the expression of "give" in different sentence structures, the article believes that "give" is not a clear passive, middle dynamic, or case marker, but a syntactic marker with Voice [- D] characteristics. The article also explores the function of "give", pointing out that it is expressed in syntax as a Voice stacking structure, adding a Voice layer to make the introduction of event participants more complex. This structure is not semantically clear, but it may serve to emphasize or strengthen the tone in pragmatics. The article further elaborates on the syntactic and semantic characteristics of "give" and its diversity and complexity in Chinese by comparing it with other syntactic markers such as "be" and "ba".

5. Conclusion

The paper defines "give" as a verb functional morpheme by analyzing its source, usage restrictions, and distribution relationship. Using the theory of distributed morphology, it is proposed that 'give' is a syntactic marker Voice [- D], rather than a passive or case marker. The presence of redundant 'give' adds a VoiceP layer, forming a stacked structure, which is different from the structure without 'give'. This analysis captures the diachronic characteristics of 'give', compensates for the shortcomings of syntactic tagging theory, and provides a syntactic basis for pragmatic tagging theory, unifying the explanation of redundant 'give' phenomena.