1. Research background

Two main directions of adverb research under the framework of formal syntax were explored: one is the precise description of adverb syntactic distribution, and the other is the interaction between adverb categories and their impact on syntactic operation conditions. Special attention was paid to the blocking effect of adverb shift, as well as Li, Shields u0026 Lin's (2012) study on the blocking effect of English adverbs, where they discovered new blocking factors and modified the proximity condition. The research on Chinese adverbs and adverbials mainly focuses on syntactic distribution, while there is relatively little research on the interactions between adverbs. This article aims to systematically explore the behavior of Chinese adverbials by comparing English A-ly rule adverbs with their corresponding components in Chinese, while more accurately defining the essence of the extremely close condition and exploring the implicit shift problem of Chinese interrogative components. Research is limited to specific forms of Chinese adverbial modifiers to improve the operability of comparing English and Chinese adverbial modifiers.

2. The blocking phenomenon of English adverb shift

Explored the distribution patterns and syntactic functions of four types of adverbs in English, including evaluative adverbs, directional adverbs, frequency adverbs, and modal adverbs. It is pointed out that adverbs may be of the same category in syntax, and this phenomenon has cross linguistic universality. At the same time, not all adverbs allow interrogative forms, frequency adverbs and manner adverbs do, while evaluative adverbs and directional adverbs do not. Based on these observations, the Shifting Potential Condition (PMC) was proposed, which stipulates that when adverb X undergoes an M-type shift, it cannot cross adverb Y with M-type shift potential, resulting in a blocking effect. For example, the wh shift of modal adverbs cannot span frequency adverbs structurally higher than them, while evaluative adverbs do not hinder the shift of other adverbs due to their lack of wh shift potential. PMC is applicable to most English A-ly adverbs, but does not affect the wh shift of other component types.

3. The blocking phenomenon of adverb shift in Chinese

Explored the blocking phenomenon of Chinese adverb shift and analyzed the matching situation between four types of Chinese adverbs and the interrogative form "Duo-A Di". Evaluation adverbs and frequency adverbs can be combined with "many" to form interrogative sentences, while directional adverbs and evaluation adverbs do not accept interrogative forms. Meanwhile, the interaction between adverbs of different categories can also affect the legitimacy of interrogative sentences. When interrogative adverbs cross over other adverbs in implicit shift, they may produce a blocking effect. There are differences in the blocking effect of adverb shift between Chinese and English, and further research is needed.

4. The essence and implicit wh shift of extremely close conditions

The chapter of the paper explores the blocking effect and properties of extremely close conditions of adverbial clauses in English and Chinese parts of speech. Research has shown that the implicit shift of interrogative adverbs in English is the key to the PMC phenomenon, while interrogative adverbs in Chinese do not exhibit islanding effects and therefore do not involve implicit shift. The interrogative meaning of the Chinese interrogative adverb 'Duo' is not related to displacement, but rather to the operator variable relationship. This explains the difference in the blocking effect of adverbial clauses in English and Chinese, where the wh - word in English needs to be shifted, while Chinese adverbs do not rely on shifting to form interrogative sentences.

5. Theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of English and Chinese language barriers

An in-depth analysis was conducted on the blocking effect of adverbial clauses in both English and Chinese, and the properties of extremely close conditions were explored. In English, the MLC activation of interrogative sentences results in the C of the main sentence only being able to see the nearest interrogative word and unable to see further interrogative words, thereby affecting the forward movement of these interrogative words. For example, 'how skillful' can be moved forward to the beginning of the sentence to form a valid syntactic relationship. And the frequency adverb frequent has the potential for wh shift, which can block this relationship and lead to illegal sentences. In Chinese, the explicit and implicit syntactic structures of adverbs do not involve displacement, so adverb 1 can become a blocking element, cutting off the relationship between the operator and the variable, leading to difficulties in semantic interpretation. By comparing English and Chinese languages, the differences in the blocking effect of wh words were revealed and theoretically explained.

6. Extended application of extremely close conditions

Explored the application of the extremely close condition in syntactic analysis, particularly its role in explaining the phenomenon of auxiliary verb and active verb shift in English and French. The article first points out that the shift of core words usually has locality, but auxiliary verbs in English can cross the negative morpheme 'not', which contradicts the traditional analysis of 'not' as the core word of NegP. Next, the article analyzed two existing solutions: one is to treat 'not' as an indicator rather than a core word, and the other is to assume that AspP is generated on top of NegP. However, both of these schemes have theoretical issues and limitations. To address these issues, the article proposes a new analytical framework that places NegP uniformly on top of AspP under TP, and uses the revised extremely close condition theory to explain why not does not produce a blocking effect in core word shift. Specifically, when the auxiliary verb 'have' is moved from AspP to T in English, Asp, T, and Neg are all homogeneous core words, and the T component controls Neg, which in turn controls AspP. At the same time, 'not' does not carry the same features as the ones that trigger the shift, so there is no blocking effect, making the auxiliary verb shift legal. Similarly, although negative words in French are formally ne... pas, their shift logic is the same as in English, and negative words do not have the qualification to block shift. Through this analysis, the article successfully explains the phenomenon of core word shift in English and French, avoiding the difficulties faced by existing theories.

7. Conclusion

By analyzing the blocking effect of adverbial clauses in English and Chinese, the essential differences in the mechanism of handling interrogative words between the two languages were revealed. The shift of wh - words in English affects the operation of extremely close conditions, while in Chinese, "Duo-A Di" has no island effect, and the shift potential does not affect the extremely close conditions. The article redefines the extremely close condition, distinguishes between shift conditions and screening conditions, explains the differences between English and Chinese wh adverbs, and provides a solution to the problem of core word shift in English and French.