1 Introduction

There are numerous types of diseases in Africa that pose a threat to global health. Senegal, as a country in West Africa, was historically influenced by French colonization and introduced the French healthcare system. Since its independence in 1960, Senegal has made certain achievements in the construction of its healthcare system, but it also faces challenges. Studying the healthcare system in Senegal can help understand the healthcare policy challenges faced by sub Saharan African countries and has practical significance for China's medical aid to Africa.

2. Medical "impossible triangle" theory

Explored the "impossible triangle" challenges faced by Senegal's healthcare system in pursuing the three goals of health, wealth, and equity. Senegal's system tends towards the German Bismarck model, emphasizing social solidarity and economic freedom, and optimizing the allocation of medical resources through universal healthcare, community rates, and strict regulation of private healthcare services. However, this model also has problems, such as price control of medical services, which may hinder the selective treatment of medical institutions and the introduction of new technologies. The healthcare system in Senegal faces challenges such as insufficient regulation of the private market, a high proportion of self funded medical care, and limited coverage of commercial insurance, reflecting the urgent need to ensure the quality of medical services while pursuing medical fairness and accessibility.

Achievements in the construction of Senegal's healthcare system

The construction of Senegal's healthcare system has different priorities in different historical stages. In the 1960s to 1980s, Senegal established a three-tier healthcare system to promote medical equity, and improved the convenience and accessibility of medical services through the policy of universal free healthcare and increased medical resources. Since the 1990s, Senegal has introduced market mechanisms to improve the quality of medical services, optimizing the allocation of medical resources and enhancing the national health level through the Bamako Initiative and the National Health Plan.

Challenges and Countermeasures in the Construction of Senegal's Healthcare System

Since the 1990s, Senegal has faced many challenges in the construction of its healthcare system. The introduction of market mechanisms has improved the flexibility of resource allocation, but it has also brought about problems such as shortage of medical resources, insufficient medical staff, and outdated medical quality. Data from 2011 shows that there is a severe shortage of medical personnel and equipment, with 80% of the population unable to access medical services. The mobility of medical staff is high, and there is a lack of planning for the replacement of medical equipment. The distribution of medical resources in Senegal is uneven, with high-quality resources concentrated in cities and underdeveloped medical conditions in rural areas. The economic pressure on healthcare is enormous, and many people cannot afford medical expenses. The government's "universal medical insurance" policy has limited coverage, making it difficult for informal employment groups to obtain protection. The medical regulatory system is not sound, laws and regulations are outdated, and corruption in the medical industry is serious. In addition, there is a lack of regulation in the pharmaceutical market, and there are problems with private drug vendors and humanitarian aid.

5 Conclusion

The healthcare system in Senegal reflects the country's economic development and public management capabilities. The government has established a three-level medical and health system and a private pharmaceutical market, demonstrating the exploration of the country's development path. The medical 'impossible triangle' reveals the lack of economic vitality and national capacity limitations. To solve medical problems, it is necessary to develop industries, increase fiscal revenue, expand medical expenditures, formulate long-term policies, strengthen medical supervision and reform. This article is based on survey reports and literature, and on-site investigations can provide more in-depth analysis.