Criticized the negative labeling of China Africa cooperation by Western public opinion, pointing out that Africans, rather than Westerners, are more qualified to evaluate China Africa relations. The article reviews the origin of the term "neo colonialism" and Nkrumah's definition, refuting malicious attacks by Western politicians and media on China's behavior in Africa. The importance of studying African colonial history was emphasized, and Li Pengtao's book "Colonialism and Social Change in Africa" was introduced. The book analyzes the social changes in British African colonies from multiple perspectives, providing new perspectives and inspirations for the study of African issues.

1. Objective stance

By applying Marx's theory of the "dual mission" of colonialism, the destructive and constructive effects of colonialism in Africa are revealed. The author analyzed the inherent contradictions of colonial rule, namely the balance between promoting colonial change and limiting change. Introducing the concept of 'traditional inventions', this paper explores how colonial authorities maintained their rule through social construction of ethnicity, indirect rule, and customary law, while pointing out the limited ability of colonizers to manipulate African systems. Mr. Zheng Jiaxin's research emphasizes the neglect of the impact of industrialization on African society by colonialism, as well as the purpose of colonial education.

2. Rich content

From the 1890s to the 1860s, the impact of colonialism on African society deepened, involving multiple aspects such as economy, population, ecology, urbanization, gender, race, religion, education, and entertainment. Colonial countries promote economic development through economic reforms, labor control, agricultural production, and white immigration, but this development often requires meeting the needs of colonial powers as a prerequisite. Colonial rule promoted the development of transportation, but the economic model was distorted and relied on African farmers for production. During the process of urbanization, colonial towns were mostly political products. After World War II, Britain promoted economic and social changes in its colonies, accelerating urbanization. The new universal language spreads in urban areas, but tribal groups find it difficult to obtain new identity recognition, and voluntary associations have become a new form of social cohesion. African women gained more labor and migration opportunities, improved economic status, redefined family relationships, and weakened male control during the colonial era. Colonial countries restrict women's independent development through laws, but women respond to social and political crises through religious and political activities, expressing new identities through clothing and fashion. In terms of racial relations, colonial societies formed a social hierarchy based on skin color, with white supremacy, and Indians, Somalis, Lebanese, and others enjoying different statuses under racial policies. Mass media, entertainment, leisure, and education underwent changes during the colonial period, and the popularity of movies was closely related to socio-economic changes. Colonizers attempted to consolidate their rule through movies, but Africans viewed them as a means of entertainment. Education policies reflect the concept of colonial rule, and there are differences between the church and colonial authorities regarding the educational goals of Africans, making education a tool of colonial rule.

3 innovative viewpoints

The author analyzed the five major characteristics of the establishment of colonial countries in Africa and pointed out that colonialism had a complex and far-reaching impact on African society. During the 'Second Colonial Occupation', Britain attempted to gain deeper control over Africa through political and economic means, but this strategy instead sparked resistance from African social elites and farmers. After World War II, the African national liberation movement emerged, and the former colonies gradually moved towards independence. Colonial heritage has had a negative impact on African countries, including distortions in political systems and economic structures. The author emphasizes that the African people played an important role in shaping the process of colonial society, and the embryonic form of African nation states had already emerged at the end of colonial rule.

4. Detailed information

Emphasis was placed on the richness of historical literature on African colonization, and the contribution of Chinese scholars in compiling historical materials on Africa was mentioned. The author points out that colonial archival documents have promoted research, but there are also limitations, so researchers have begun to use diverse historical materials such as oral records, judicial records, photographic images, and literary works. The appendix of the book provides a chronology and historical overview of the British African colonies, and the references have been rigorously verified to ensure their authenticity and scientific validity. The book "Colonialism and Social Change in Africa" is published by the Social Sciences Literature Press, with detailed content and rigorous structure. It provides theoretical support and historical basis for China to refute "neo colonialism" and has important academic and practical significance.