The works of Abdulrazak Gulna, the winner of the 2021 Nobel Prize in Literature, focus on the fate of African refugees, and this theme has once again become an academic focus. The term African diaspora originated in the 1950s and 1960s, describing Africans who were displaced due to the slave trade and colonial influences. In the 1980s, Nigeria experienced a new phenomenon of African diaspora, where refugees voluntarily migrated overseas to maintain contact with their homeland. Authors such as Chimamanda Adychi showcase the changing identity of the New African diaspora through their works. Local diaspora lost their identity under colonial rule, ethnic identity became prominent in multi-ethnic countries, and diaspora from other countries emphasized national identity in Western countries. Adichi explores the issue of identity, attempting to rebuild self-identity under the tension between African and Western cultures, break free from colonial discourse, and strive for discourse power.

Lost identity of local wanderer: 'Who am I?'

Deeply explored the cultural shock and identity crisis experienced by Africa under European colonial rule. The arrival of colonizers not only changed the political landscape of Africa, but also caused damage to its traditional culture and belief system. Under the influence of colonial language, religion, and culture, Africans were forced to redefine their identity, leading to a phenomenon of 'indigenous diaspora', which oscillates between indigenous and foreign cultures and cannot determine their self-identity.

Constructing a new national identity: becoming a 'Biafra'

In Half Round Yellow Day, Adichi explores identity issues through the roles of Oranna and Odennibo, reflecting the struggle of the Igbo people in Nigeria's national identity. Odennibo believes that the true identity of Africans is tribal, while the identity of Nigerians is bestowed by colonizers. Ifimalu no longer feels the salience of racial identity in Nigeria, highlighting the relationship between identity and the contrast of 'others'. Oranna and Odennibo demonstrated the cohesion and national identity of the Igbo people in the face of exclusion from other ethnic groups by participating in rallies organized by the Igbo Alliance.

3. Return to National Identity: Remake 'Nigerians'

Explored the complex emotions of the Igbo people towards Nigeria's national identity in Adichi's novels. Although the establishment of the Biafra Republic failed and the Igbo people were forced to become Nigerians again, their memories and identity with Biafra have not disappeared, and this emotion may trigger new turmoil in the future. Identity is crucial for the stability of a nation and a country, and dispersed contexts contribute to the construction of identity for modern nations.

4 Conclusion

In depth exploration of the identity issues of African diaspora under the influence of heterogeneous cultures. The identity recognition of Adichi and other exiles has undergone multiple transformations, from original belonging to the local diaspora under colonial influence, to diaspora from other countries. Scattered individuals may fully integrate, completely reject, or form a dual consciousness in a foreign land, but these situations are not absolute, and the hardships and traumas during the integration process are difficult to eliminate. The behavior and characteristics of refugees are often equated with the image of their homeland, and the exploration of their identity reflects the reconstruction of the country's identity in the context of globalization. The issue of identity in African diaspora literature has important practical significance and reference value for multi-ethnic countries.