1. Introduction

Doubts are raised regarding Dahl u0026 Velupillai's (2013) study on the typology of perfective language, pointing out that it incorrectly classified Mandarin Chinese, Korean, and Japanese as languages without perfective constructions. The article will analyze from three aspects: 1) explore more operational methods for defining the completion form; 2) Proving that Japanese has a perfect form; 3) Establish a complete new type of language for the eastern languages of the Altaic language family.

2. More operational methods for defining completion forms

Explored in depth the methods for defining the typology of complete body language, particularly the standards and limitations proposed by Dahl u0026 Velupillai (2013). The article first reviews Comrie's classification of English completion forms and points out that Dahl u0026 Velupillai uses outcome completion forms and experiential completion forms as defining criteria, thus classifying Chinese and Japanese as languages without completion forms. Chen Qianrui criticized this and believed that more Asian and African language materials should be considered in order to have a more comprehensive understanding of the nature of perfective and experiential forms. The article further analyzes the research on English completion usage in the 20th and 21st centuries, showing a close relationship between result based usage and experiential usage. On this basis, the author proposes fine-tuning suggestions for the Dahl u0026 Velupillai definition criteria to address the issue of misclassifying languages such as Japanese. Specific adjustments include: 1) If the resulting grammatical form of a language can express experientiality in a specific context, then the language has a perfective marker; 2) No longer use the existence of dedicated table empirical forms as a criterion for judgment. Through these adjustments, the article aims to more accurately define languages with perfective forms, particularly isolated languages in Asia and Africa.

3. Japanese is a language with a perfect form

Explored in depth whether Japanese has the characteristics of perfective language typology. Firstly, the author points out that Dahl u0026 Velupillai (2013) mistakenly concluded that Japanese does not have a perfect form due to incomplete descriptions of Japanese grammar. They mainly rely on Martin's (1975) grammatical description, which has limitations, especially in the insufficient analysis of the multiple grammatical meanings of - te iru. The author analyzes the grammatical meaning of - te iru and believes that Japanese has a perfect form. This viewpoint is supported by Mayumi Kudo (1995), who divides the semantics of - te iru into basic semantics and derived semantics, where derived semantics include completeness and repetition. In addition, the author also discussed the different forms of expression of - te iru in Japanese dialects, particularly the differences between existential verbs and cohesive small words in the Uwajima dialect, demonstrating the distinction between progressive and perfect forms in dialects. Through these analyses, the author concludes that Japanese does indeed possess language features of the perfect form.

4. Completion types of Japanese language

Explored in depth the types of Japanese perfective forms and compared them with Dahl u0026 Velupillai's (2013) classification of 108 language perfective forms. The article points out that Japanese may seem to belong to the second category of perfective forms on the surface, but through analysis, it is found that Japanese does not fully meet the standards of this category. The perfective structure of Japanese is similar to some languages in the Altaic language family, especially sharing the pattern of "verb stem+agglutinative small word+existential verb" with Khalkha Mongolian, Buryat Mongolian, and Evenki. However, as a part of the Altaic language family, Uyghur language has significant differences in its perfective structure compared to the aforementioned languages. Based on these findings, the author proposes to establish a new category of perfective forms - "perfective forms derived from existential verbs", and suggests adjusting Dahl u0026 Velupillai's classification to classify the remaining languages in the original third category as the fourth category "other". At the same time, it is pointed out that this new category may contain more languages and further research is needed to explore it in the future.

5. Conclusion

The research method proposed by Dahl u0026 Velupillai (2013) is feasible, but it requires the addition of operational procedures to fine tune language judgments. By comparing Japanese standard language and dialects, it is confirmed that "- けいる 2" has perfective features, and a new type of "perfective form derived from existential verbs" is proposed.