1. Introduction

This article introduces the syntactic features of false conditional sentences, interrogative sentences, and exclamatory sentences in English, such as subject auxiliary verb inversion (SAI) and predicate verb tense shift, which reflect the speaker's disagreement or doubt about the reality of the event. These sentence patterns are classified as the category of "unrealis", opposite to the category of "reality", expressing meanings such as conditions, virtuality, and hypotheses, which are closely related to human psychological cognition. However, there is currently a lack of consistency and systematic analysis in the cognitive semantics and formal means of non realistic categories in English. Shi Yuzhi (2020) proposed the concept of "super construction", which believes that super construction is a grammatical unit with structural form and semantic function, and its changes will trigger the development of specific constructions at the next level. This article takes the constructions of counterfactual conditions, questions, and exclamations as examples to explore the unity of syntactic form and semantic function in English non reality categories, in order to reveal the cognitive construction mechanism of the super constructions that govern English non reality categories.

2. Semantic and syntactic features of non realistic categories

Explored the semantic and syntactic features of non realistic categories, pointing out their cross linguistic universality, covering multiple semantic types. Palmer divided non reality into propositional modality and event modality. Zhang Xueping proposed that the core features of Chinese non reality categories are "not yet" and "undecided", and believed that non reality categories are prototype categories. Giv ó n categorizes exclamation sentences that express unexpected emotions as non realistic sentences. The syntactic implementation of non realistic categories exhibits typological features in different languages, such as the tense shift of English subjunctive sentences and the verb form of imperative sentences. Chinese is divided into virtual sentences and non real sentences from the perspective of sentence structure. The existing research has enlightening effects on the non realistic categories of English, but lacks integrated research. The author believes that there is a natural connection between non realistic sentences, and there is a common super construction behind it. Clarifying this construction is the key to exploring the non realistic category of English in depth.

3. Super structure

Deeply explored the concept of super constructions and their role in language development. Goldberg proposed that construction is a combination of form and meaning, with unique construction semantics, and forms language structures through inheritance networks. The inheritance modes of construction include complete inheritance, normal inheritance, and multiple inheritance. Fillmore proposed the complete inheritance model, while Goldberg emphasized the normal inheritance model, which means that there is no conflict between lower level structural inheritance and upper level structural information. Lakoff describes the structural relationship as a radial structure of prototype and non prototype structures. Shi Yuzhi proposed the concept of "super constructions" and used passive structures in Chinese as an example to demonstrate how super constructions affect the development of language structure and grammatical function. A superstructure is defined as a collection of structural forms and meaningful functions, whose features and variations have an impact on specific functional constructions. Shi Yuzhi also pointed out the specific manifestations and changes of super constructions in the development of passive structures in Chinese. On the basis of Shi Yuzhi, this article extends the concept of synchronicity in the super construction, and elaborates on its inheritance process and cognitive construction mechanism. Super constructions are regarded as a type of pre concept and construction template, which combines the common syntactic forms and semantic functions of lower constructions. All lower level constructs follow the normal inheritance pattern to inherit information from super constructs. The inheritance process of the super structure is illustrated in Figure 1, demonstrating the commonalities and individualities among the structures. Finally, this article proposes to further explore the super constructions of non realistic categories in English using the theory of super constructions, analyzing their semantic features and syntactic forms.

4. Non realistic super constructions in English

Deeply explored the semantic features and syntactic forms of English non realistic super constructions. In terms of semantic features, the overlapping features of non realistic categories are summarized as "if not A, then not B", where A and B represent regular events, and non A and non B represent non regular events. False conditional sentences, interrogative sentences, and exclamatory sentences are all unconventional events that express events beyond the speaker's knowledge background or life experience. In terms of syntactic form, non realistic categories have a unified syntactic representation, which refers to the unconventional changes in the central language of a sentence, including inflectional changes and inversion. Inflectional changes mark non realistic categories through tense, modality, and other means, while inversion expresses non realistic modality through changing the position of auxiliary verbs or pre interrogative pronouns. These syntactic features reflect the inherent cognitive associations of non realistic categories in English and are one of the commonalities of human language.

5. Non realistic semantic continuum

In depth analysis of the cognitive construction mechanism of English non realistic super constructions reveals the semantic continuity of non realistic categories as prototype categories. Through Akatsuka's cognitive scale, a semantic continuum of exclamation question violation cognitive categories was constructed, where exclamation sentences exhibit the lowest degree of uncertainty and are close to the reality category, while violation conditional sentences convey the highest degree of uncertainty. At the same time, the chapter also explores the semantic continuity of negative categories, pointing out that non realistic categories often carry negative semantics, with the highest degree of negation in false conditional sentences, relatively low in interrogative sentences, and the lowest degree of negation in exclamatory sentences. Overall, the chapter demonstrates the asymptotic and continuous semantics of non realistic category members.

6. Cognitive Motivation for English Non Realistic Superstructures

In depth exploration of the cognitive motivations behind non realistic super constructions in English, it is pointed out that language constructions are products formed under the influence of human experience and cognition. Human beings transform perceived objective things into language expression through five processes, among which schemas play a key role. Schema is an abstract cognitive structure characterized by generality, abstractness, and regularity. Langacker defines schemas as abstract attributes that are compatible with the features of all members in their respective categories. The concept of super construction extended in this article is highly similar to Langacker's schema concept, both of which belong to pre concepts. The cognitive understanding process of super constructs includes the process of sensory perception, abstraction into schemas in the cognitive domain, and the formation of semantic frameworks and specific language constructs. English non realistic super constructions belong to mobile schemas, which exhibit abstract state shifts from conditions to results. In the prototype event schema, events are stored in an event repository in the cognitive domain, and when an event exceeds people's cognitive level, a superstructure is activated. Although the schema of subordinate constructions is influenced by cognition and context, it does not deviate from the typical features and core structure of the prototype event schema. The event patterns of counterfactual conditional sentences, interrogative sentences, and exclamatory sentences respectively demonstrate the mapping process from the conditional domain to the result domain.

7. Conclusion

Analyzed the super construction inheritance pattern and revealed its syntactic unit as a pre concept, with schematic features, and is an uninitialized construction template. The study combines schema theory to elucidate the cognitive construction mechanism of non realistic super constructions in English, and finds that they have a construction semantics of "if not A, then not B", and their syntactic form is characterized by unconventional changes in the central language. English non reality category members are both interrelated and independent, forming a continuous system with inherent connections. Super constructions have schematic properties and mainly describe the dynamic movement process from "conditions" to "results".