1、 Introduction

It is pointed out that for outward oriented Chinese language learning dictionaries, the comprehensibility of definitions and examples is crucial, but traditional editing concepts often focus on definitions and ignore examples. Existing research has mostly focused on controlling the difficulty of interpretation, with relatively limited research on controlling the difficulty of word choice in examples. Most Chinese learning dictionaries emphasize simple and easy to understand examples, but lack specific methods for controlling difficulty. Although the "Contemporary Chinese Learning Dictionary" proposes the principles of "detailed meaning, rich examples, few elements, and many uses" in writing, it does not clearly specify the control of example difficulty. This article explores the difficulty control of collocation in contemporary dictionaries through quantitative research, and proposes the "≤ i principle" for difficulty control of collocation in learning dictionaries.

2、 Quantitative Study on the Difficulty of Using Examples in Contemporary Dictionary

By quantitatively examining the collocation of words in the Contemporary Dictionary, the principles of difficulty control and suggestions for writing were analyzed. Based on the "Outline of Chinese Proficiency Vocabulary and Chinese Character Grading", a study randomly sampled 545 examples of annotated words and found that words that exceeded the standard accounted for about 33%, but most of them only appeared once and had little impact on overall comprehensibility. Outliers mainly include proper nouns, everyday words, compound words with high semantic transparency, new words and phrases, idioms and colloquial expressions, dialect spoken vocabulary, and other morphemes. Among them, proper nouns and everyday words have a relatively small impact on comprehensibility, while idioms and idioms may affect the comprehensibility of the collocation of primary interpreted words.

3、 Principles for Controlling the Difficulty of Example Allocation in Outgoing Chinese Learning Lexicons

Explored the principles and implementation methods that should be followed in controlling the difficulty of example matching in an outward oriented Chinese learning dictionary. Firstly, it is proposed that the total amount of collocation words should be appropriately controlled and enriched, in order to facilitate learners to review and learn other vocabulary through collocation, and expand their vocabulary. Secondly, the principle of "≤ i" for hierarchical control of word usage was emphasized, which means that the difficulty level of collocation words should be less than or equal to the difficulty level of the interpreted word, in order to improve the comprehensibility of collocation. In addition, it also discussed how to balance the repetition rate and richness of collocation words, as well as how to improve vocabulary acquisition effectiveness based on the number of times learners come into contact with the target word. Finally, the importance of practicing the "≤ i principle" was pointed out, and corresponding writing suggestions were proposed.

4、 How to practice the "≤ i principle"

Explored how to control the difficulty of example matching in outward oriented Chinese learning dictionaries to comply with the "≤ i principle". Firstly, the editor needs to have a sense of difficulty control, be familiar with the classification of word levels, and ensure that the difficulty of using examples does not exceed that of the interpreted words. For example, some examples in the Contemporary Dictionary are too difficult to use. It is recommended to use simpler words and use multimodal interpretation methods such as images. Secondly, learners should avoid using old and specialized words that they are not familiar with, and avoid using idioms, colloquialisms, and idiomatic expressions, unless it is for the primary target word, in order to avoid increasing the difficulty of understanding. At the same time, avoid using word formation dead collocations, such as monosyllabic collocation examples, to avoid reducing comprehensibility. In addition, the use of sentence examples should follow the "≤ i principle" and pay attention to factors such as syntactic difficulty and sentence length. Finally, neutral language words should be used as much as possible in the examples, avoiding the use of overly written or spoken expressions, and not involving too many unique Chinese cultural factors to avoid increasing the difficulty of learners' understanding.

5、 Conclusion

Emphasis was placed on the importance of collocation in Chinese learning dictionaries, and it was pointed out that the comprehensibility of collocation is the key to its effectiveness. In order to ensure that the examples are easy to understand, it is necessary to control the total amount of words used in the examples and achieve a closed loop within the dictionary. In addition, the author proposes that the "≤ i principle" should be followed, which means that the difficulty of vocabulary used in examples should not exceed the learner's current language level, in order to improve the readability and practicality of examples.