1、 Causing Structure

Deeply explored the passive phenomenon of causative structures in ancient Turkic languages. Firstly, the definition and characteristics of causative structure were explained, which involves adding a causative agent (NP1) to a clause through a valence mechanism, making the original agent or core argument the causative agent (NP2). This article provides an example of the process by which bivalent and monovalent verbs increase their valence through morphological means, and discusses three ways of implementing causative structures: vocabulary, morphology, and analysis. Subsequently, a detailed analysis was conducted on the composition of the morphological causative structure in ancient Turkic languages, pointing out that it is achieved through suffix means such as - GUr -, - dUr -, etc., and discussing the ways in which arguments are marked in causative structures composed of different verb types. In addition, the characteristics of lexical and analytic causative structures in ancient Turkic languages were also mentioned, such as the use of q ï l - and bol - verbs, as well as the situation where some verbs with commanding or causative meanings dominate the complement of adverbial clauses. Finally, it is pointed out that the argument marking method of ancient Turkic languages follows a specific grammatical relationship hierarchy, and the addition of new messengers in the structure can affect the marking of existing arguments.

2、 Causing passive phenomena in the structural table

Explored in depth the phenomenon of passive structural expression in ancient Turkic languages. In ancient Turkic languages, certain constructions that appear to cause structures actually convey passive meanings. In such structures, the direction of the event's influence changes from NP1 affecting E2 to E2 affecting NP1, which is a typical feature of passive structures. Scholars have noticed this connection and proposed different pathways to explain this semantic shift.

3、 Conclusion

Explored the passive phenomenon of causative structures in ancient Turkic languages, revealing their syntactic features and semantic changes. By analyzing verb suffixes and argument marker conversions, it was found that there were cases in ancient Turkic languages where causative structures were used to express passive semantics. The article introduces five parameters to classify verbs and their arguments, dividing their structures into four groups and two categories: causative passive structures of passive nature and causative passive structures of behavioral nature. The former is closer to involuntary concessions, while the latter is closer to concessions. The article also proposes the conditions that led to the passive transformation of structure in ancient Turkic languages, as well as possible historical development paths.