In depth exploration of various discourse patterns and social roots of Western and Chinese subjectivity theories, covering the development of subjectivity theories in different periods of the 20th century, including humanistic subjectivity, structuralist blank subjectivity, post structuralist active subjectivity, and various variants in the 1990s. The article also discusses the research on subjectivity by scholars such as Sartre, Frost, and Billge, as well as how Lacan's four discourse patterns provide theoretical support for understanding the connection between subjectivity and social life. By analyzing the history and current situation of different subject theories, this article attempts to restore the social background of subject issues and explore the class roots of different subject concepts.

Humanistic subjectivity and host discourse

Humanistic subjectivity is a product of the European Enlightenment era, emphasizing the independence of human reason and emotion from external things. However, the Western academic community continues to criticize this and explore its social origins, political background, and time of disappearance. Foucault believed that the universal imagination of human beings during the Enlightenment no longer exists. Post anthropologist Braidotti pointed out that according to Enlightenment standards, many people cannot be considered human. Haravi proposed the "cybernetic model", in which modern technology makes it difficult to distinguish between natural bodies and genetic technology, and new subjects tend to become non-material. Althusser and Baribar linked the view that human concepts are constrained by social relational structures to Freud's dual process of dreams. Smith's ideas influenced Marx and Luk á cs' theory of attribution of class interests.

Structuralist Blank Subjectivity Theory and Analytical Discourse

In depth exploration of structuralist blank subjectivity and its manifestation in analytical discourse, it is pointed out that after the rise of structuralism, absent subjects have received rigorous academic argumentation. The theories of Benveniste, Lacan, and Althusser are used to explain the illusory nature of subjectivity. Although Saussure's linguistics does not directly discuss the subject issue, its concept provides a linguistic basis for understanding absent subjects. Benveniste's study of pronouns reveals the arbitrariness and transitivity of "I" and "you", and Lacan further distinguishes between "the speaking me" and "the speaking me". Althusser regards the subject as a blank point in the ideological state machine, emphasizing the construction of the subject and identity. The self understanding from ancient times to modern times presents the externalization and diversification of the self from the spokesperson of the gods to the commodity society. The criticism of commodity society by thinkers such as Marx, Benjamin, and Barthes reveals the hidden forms of class relations. The structuralist blank subjectivity theory has become an effective model for describing the relationship between people and society after China's reform and opening up. The division of subjects in postmodern culture and the position of labor in globalization further explain the feeling of absent subjects. Lacan's analytical discourse challenges the consistency of humanistic subjects by revealing contradictions in the master's discourse, demonstrating the essence of psychoanalysis as a disruptive practice.

Post structuralist agency and university discourse

In depth exploration of the manifestation of post structuralist active subjectivity in university discourse and its social roots. The infiltration of ideology, cultural symbols, and financial capital leads to the dissolution of the entity characteristics of the subject by language structure and social relationships, but whether the subject has agency is still a question worth exploring. In the 1970s, concepts such as emotion, impression, and life were revitalized in different theoretical frameworks, promoting the development of active subjectivity in post structuralism.

Action subject, practical philosophy, and hysterical discourse

Deeply explored the theory of action subjects and its application in the social and political context. Hegel, Nietzsche, and Lacan distinguished the consciousness and morality of masters and slaves from different perspectives, while contemporary theorists such as Badiou, Zizek, and Negri proposed the concept of the subject of action, aiming to criticize traditional master discourse and promote social change. The actors are seen as a way to respond to global conflicts and disrupt the hierarchical order of civilization, and their psychological basis stems from Lacan's analysis of hysterical symptoms. Hysteria underwent a transition from ethical norms to neutral nervous system disorders in 19th century Europe, and Lacan further discovered its positive significance, believing that hysteria could be transformed into practical actions.