Anne Erno's autobiographical work "A Woman" explores gender, language, and class differences, influenced by the theories of Simone de Beauvoir and Bourdieu. Bourdieu's concept of "segregation" emphasizes the habitual differences between different social classes due to their economic and cultural status, as well as the deliberate segregation between the upper class and other classes. He extended the concept of "capital" to the cultural and social domains, using economic, cultural, and social capital to explain unequal relationships in social space. Erno realized the political rationality of symbolic violence and autobiographical writing through his own cross class experiences. This article combines Bourdieu's segregation theory and Western spatial theory to analyze the geographical and social spatial segregation in "A Woman", as well as how the female protagonist achieves a transition from the bottom to the top.

Geographic spatial differentiation

Deeply explored Lefebvre's theory of spatial politics, emphasizing that space is not only the division of physical regions, but also the carrier of cultural significance. In literary works, geographic space has productivity and can actively participate in the construction of textual meaning. In "A Woman," Erno meticulously depicts the geographical space and social stratification of small French cities through first person narration, showcasing spatial segregation as a special symbol of social segregation. By comparing the differences between urban and suburban areas, as well as describing family living spaces, Erno reveals the close connection between geographic spatial segregation and class identity. Bourdieu's theory of social spatial division has also been used to analyze class differences and capital stratification in his works. Overall, the chapter presents social stratification and wealth disparities through geographical spatial differentiation, as well as their impact on individual lives.

The division of social space

Deeply explored the concept of social spatial segregation, emphasizing the importance of cultural capital and social capital in it. Bourdieu's theoretical framework is used to analyze social space, with "field", "habit", and "capital" being the core concepts. The differentiation of social space is not only reflected in the economic level, but also more deeply in culture, politics, lifestyle, and aesthetic taste. Through the details of the life of the Elno family in "A Woman," the differences in lifestyle habits and aesthetic preferences between the lower and upper classes of society are demonstrated. The ruling class claims its superiority through cultural production, while the working class serves as a backdrop in the aesthetic system. Erno reveals the reality and impact of social spatial segregation through personal experiences and observations of different social classes, as well as how this segregation can be reflected and strengthened through individual practice.

Spatial segregation and hierarchical transition

This article delves into the application of Bourdieu's segregation theory in Erno's autobiographical work "A Woman" and analyzes the relationship between spatial segregation and class transition. Bourdieu believed that education is the field of class reproduction in capitalist society, and the ruling class exercises legitimacy through education. In 'A Woman', Erno's father feels inferior due to the lack of cultural capital, reflecting the unconscious internalization of symbolic violence and cultural codes by the ruling class. The policy of promoting Mandarin in French history has exacerbated social spatial segregation, while Elrond achieved a transition from the bottom of society to the middle class through education, but at the same time felt the tearing caused by class collisions.