say a few words about

Geographic criticism is a cutting-edge theory in the field of literary criticism in the past decade, focusing on the interaction between text and real space, exploring the role of text in constructing and reconstructing reality. Unlike traditional literary criticism, geographical criticism shifts its focus from text to place, examining places from a fluid, heterogeneous, and diverse perspective, and uncovering spatial views hidden by Eurocentrism. Geographical criticism was proposed by French scholar Westphal in 1999, and its theoretical basis and research methods were clearly defined in his 2007 work. American scholar Tully has responded positively and translated geographical criticism, but its conceptual connotation, research scope, and object are different from Westphal's. Westphal's recent works have further expanded the theoretical connotation of geographical criticism, giving it a distinct interdisciplinary feature. The following text will delve into the origins, theoretical lineage, practical principles, and latest theoretical developments of geographical criticism.

review

Geographical criticism, as an independent genre of literary criticism, originated from a seminar at the University of Limoges in France in 1999. The publication of the eponymous collection of papers titled "Methods of Geographical Criticism" the following year marked its official birth. Geographic criticism is defined as a "science of literary space" that focuses on the generation of space in discourse and culture, as well as the various relationships between literature and space. Literary space is divided into three types: cognitive space, geographic space, and poetic space. Geographic criticism aims to establish theoretical connections between space, discourse, and creation.

conclusion

Summarized the development process of geographical criticism, from literary texts to the expansion of imitative art, emphasizing the importance of the geographical centric perspective. Westphal's writing style has shifted from normative organization to fragmented and off topic style, and his recent works such as "The Cage of Meridians" and "Lost Atlas" reflect the theoretical core of geographical criticism. At the same time, it is pointed out that there are still problems in the research methods and objects of geographic criticism, such as subjectivity, the relationship between geographic centrism and egocentrism, as well as the applicability and foothold of the theory. These issues provide a space for thinking about the future development of geographical criticism.