This article delves into Hawthorne's portrayal of the historical figure Endicott in his works and analyzes how Hawthorne expresses his reflection on American historicism through this role. In Hawthorne's works, Endicott is not only an important historical character, but also a medium for Hawthorne to criticize the American historical tradition, including Puritan optimism, patriotism, great character narratives, and foreshadowing historiography. The Red Cross, as Hawthorne's portrayal of Endicott, has been interpreted by different scholars. Some believe that Hawthorne is praising the spirit of resistance of colonial peoples, while others believe that Hawthorne is satirizing blind patriotism. Domestic scholars Zhang Ruihua and Shang Xiaojin have also conducted research on Hawthorne's national historical concepts and anti mythological historical narrative perspectives. Despite existing research, the academic community still lacks discussion on the relationship between Hawthorne's "Endicott problem" and the 19th-century "German American" historical tradition. Hawthorne's depiction of Endicott reflects his anti historicist creative tendency, especially his criticism of American style historicism, manifested in anti heroism, anti optimism, and anti foreshadowing historical narrative patterns and concepts.

The Puritan Pope and Political Leaders: The "Endicott Problem" in Historical Intertextuality

This article delves into the tension between the character image and historical reality in Hawthorne's "Endicott Romance" and provides a cross contextual interpretation of Endicott's image in historical materials and Hawthorne's works through Berkowitz's "dual background" approach. As a Puritan leader and political official in the New England colonies, Endicott's religious power was seen as a tool for acquiring wealth and political power, and he oppressed the colonies. Hawthorne questioned Endicott's religious beliefs in "Mrs. Hutchinson" and hinted at the antagonistic relationship between believers and Puritan leaders through the awakening of the audience.

Endicott and Hawthorne's Historical Concepts as Pseudo Heroes

In depth exploration of Hawthorne's literary portrayal of the historical figure Endicott and its relationship with American style historicism. Hawthorne's works reflect the complexity of 19th-century American historiography, including the opposition between Romanticism and scientific historiography, as well as the influence of German historiography, the Scottish Enlightenment, and the Scott Historical Romanticism. Hawthorne challenged the popular ethnography and heroic historiography of the time through the image of Endicott, revealing the hypocrisy and contradictions of heroic images in historical narratives.

Endicott and Hawthorne's Historical Concept of "Anti Epigraphy"

Hawthorne deeply reflected on and criticized the pre form historiography through the image of Endicott in "The Red Cross". Prehistoric historiography is a historical concept that links historical figures and events with religious doctrines, and has had a profound impact on American historiography and political discourse. Hawthorne contrasts the glamorous appearance of Endicott with the poverty of New England towns, revealing the hypocrisy of the pre form historiography. Endicott's wealth accumulation and encroachment on land hindered the historical process of New England becoming New Canaan, contrary to the harmonious unity of sacred history and secular history advocated by the pre form historiography.