Explored the mutual influence and comparison of American and New Zealand literature in the postcolonial context, particularly the development of African American literature and Maori literature in New Zealand and their role in constructing national identity. Black American literature, from autobiographies in the 18th century to Morrison's Nobel Prize in Literature, showcases the shaping of black national identity. The Maori Renaissance propelled New Zealand's bicultural shift, with Maori writers such as Grace reinterpreting Maori national identity by combining oral traditions with Western literature. Morrison and Grace's works have both cleared up the negative legacy of colonialism, and their winning of the Western Literature Award may reflect the incorporation of cultural hegemony, but it is also a manifestation of ethnic minorities' struggle for political and cultural recognition. By comparing the representative works of two writers, we can gain a deeper understanding of the shared experiences of African Americans and Maori people in the process of decolonization, as well as the diversity and subjectivity of postcolonial identity construction.

The Ghost of Trauma in Bloodline Narration

Deeply explored the reconstructive discourse of colonial trauma in postcolonial writing, as well as the debate between this discourse and mainstream social discourse. By analyzing the two novels "Beloved" and "Eyeless Baby", this paper points out the allegorical discourse strategy of postcolonial ghosts in expressing historical justice, while emphasizing the epistemological and ontological issues that may arise from the simple abstraction of history. The chapter also discusses the obsession with seeking constant presence in Western culture, as well as the efforts made to express decolonization experiences in transcending this obsession.

The bodies present and binary opposition

Deeply explored the impact of colonialism on the physical and identity recognition of ethnic minorities in "Beloved" and "Invisible Baby". Colonialism associates the bodies of colonized ethnic groups with negative meanings through racial discrimination, and the two novels demonstrate the complexity of physical decolonization, rather than simply affirming or denying it. In "Beloved," after Mr. Garner's death, school teachers and students cruelly take over the farm and use rational language to defend the dehumanized black slaves, reflecting the coherence of colonial logic. The binary oppositional structure of racism leads to the misuse of reason as a criterion for distinguishing between self, good and evil, civilization and barbarism. The practice of colonizers defending themselves with rational discourse is based on the humiliation and devastation of the bodies of black slaves.

As a construction of ethnic identity with 'existence'

In depth exploration was conducted on the construction of individual ethnic identity in the process of decolonization, and the similarities and differences in the construction of ethnic identity in the novels "Beloved" and "Eyeless Baby" were analyzed. In Beloved, the construction of African American national identity in the United States is a process from scratch, and the relationship between Seth and Beloved demonstrates the individual's exploration of self subjectivity in the post slavery era. Danfu's actions and her sense of identification with her father reflect that the formation of individual identity stems from collaboration with dissidents. The novel uses the collective efforts of the black community to exorcise demons, showcasing the formation of a common sense of identity among black people and the collective healing of the trauma of slavery. The novel 'Eyeless Baby' depicts how the creative emotions of the Maori community are internalized by the young Tawara through the perception and communication of family and friends, and expressed in his artistic creations. Tavira's growth process reflects the individual's pursuit of truth and innovation in national identity, as well as their transcendence of colonial history, ethnic culture, and interpersonal relationships, and their expression of subjectivity towards the future. Both novels emphasize the subjectivity of individuals in the construction of national identity, as well as their interaction and collaboration with groups.

Nationality and the Way of Coexistence

Explored the construction of national identity in the process of colonization and decolonization, pointing out that colonizers establish their subject identity through narrative, while colonization leads to the otherization of the colonized. De colonization is a backlash against colonialism. African Americans and Maori people in New Zealand, when constructing their identity as subjects, exhibit resilience and a willingness to transcend special traumatic experiences and expand their national identity in the face of a universalistic social framework. Beloved "and" Eyeless Baby "are set against the backdrop of white colonialism, depicting the paths of African Americans and Maori individuals overcoming trauma in interpersonal connections. The narrative of novels, as a connection between individual experiences and social scenes, implies the exploration and capture of national identity. Arendt believed that abstract concepts of human rights are fragile, and that national identity based on ethnicity is the concrete support for abstract human rights. The Maori people preserve their clan network and language and cultural traditions, and develop a pan Maori national consciousness; Black Americans, on the other hand, have built their national identity on shared pain and burden while their ancestral traditions have been stripped away. In postcolonial societies, members of minority groups experience a sense of anxiety as differentiated individuals within a group within a universalist political framework and capitalist economy, which becomes a catalyst for exploring new expressions of national identity. Individuals creatively construct their national identity through personalized interpretation of historical traumas and the selection of cultural traditions. The two novels suggest that a healthy postcolonial identity should be an open coexistence attitude that does not forget the past, re examines the past, and faces the future, coexisting with the original colonizers and all others.