Writing in Rousseau's hometown

Deeply explored the intellectual connection and mutual influence between Tolstoy and Rousseau. Tolstoy had a deep respect for Rousseau since childhood, and his works and ideas were largely influenced by Rousseau. In 1857, during his trip to Switzerland, Tolstoy personally experienced the natural scenery depicted by Rousseau, further deepening his understanding and identification with Rousseau. However, Tolstoy did not fully accept Rousseau's views, but instead transformed and transcended them through dialogue and contemplation.

Criticizing civilized 'civilized people'

An in-depth analysis of Tolstoy's critique of the binary opposition between civilization and nature in Lucerne, as well as how he portrays self reflection and inner conflict through the autobiographical character of Duke Nekhlyudov. Tolstoy initially planned to present the story in the form of letters, but ultimately changed it to personal notes to enhance the authenticity and immediacy of the work. This private note taking form shifts the focus of the work from the event itself to the narrator's self-examination, reflecting Tolstoy's imitation of Rousseau's style of self analysis.

Can the art of 'civilized people' lead to 'nature'?

In depth exploration of Tolstoy's literary thinking and self doubt during the creation of 'Lucerne', as well as his dialogue with Rousseau on art and civilization. Tolstoy questioned whether he and his peers were only creating vulgar literature, avoiding fundamental questions about themselves and life. He clarified through his exchange of ideas with Rousseau that his writing should not be a tool for civilizing and domesticating the human heart, but should pursue personal integrity and intuition for grasping truth. Meanwhile, Tolstoy lacked interest in political life and opposed moral and artistic laws to hypocritical political laws.