1、 Introduction

This article introduces the creative background and theme of Dostoevsky's unfinished novel "Nietochka Nezkanova", emphasizing that the novel portrays the protagonist Nietochka's subjective construction process from loneliness and helplessness to self-awareness awakening through different forms of "gaze" and subject construction ideas, and ultimately constructs himself in social gaze. At the same time, it is pointed out that the "gaze" in the novel goes beyond simple observation, delves into the depths of the characters' self-awareness, and has a significant impact on the construction of the subject. In addition, the application and development of the "gaze" theory in the fields of philosophy, psychoanalysis, and visual culture research were also mentioned.

2、 The initial 'gaze' on the world: losing oneself

In depth exploration of the inner world and self-awareness growth of the protagonist Netochka in Dostoevsky's novel "Ne". The novel focuses on women as the primary positive characters and, through the perspective of Netochka, depicts her psychological changes from childhood to adulthood. Netochka's gaze at the red curtain house reflects both her longing for freedom and her subconscious desire for adulthood and adventure. Meanwhile, her different attitudes towards her father and mother reflect the process of her emotional expression and cognitive development.

3、 Mirror gaze: Searching for oneself

This article delves into Dostoevsky's portrayal of the protagonist Netochka's self-awareness in "Ne" and how she seeks and understands herself through "mirror gaze". The novel presents a world that is consistent with the protagonist's cognition through the combination of the narrator and the protagonist, and each event has an impact on the protagonist's inner world. Netochka's description of the "big house" reflects her confusion and fear of reality and fairy tales, as well as the "gaze" she faced in her journey from family to society. Her psychological feelings stem from the misfortune of her original family and the recurrence of heart disease under external stimuli.

4、 Social 'Gaze': Finding Yourself

Through Nietochka's reading experience, this article explores how books serve as a one-way medium of "gaze", helping her form a mature understanding of her own destiny. By "gazing" at the world of books, Netochka is exposed to complex social themes, which scholars believe have strong social implications. During her growth, Netochka faced various "gaze" phenomena in life, such as the extraordinary gaze of Alexandra's husband Peter Alexandrovich. She used "gaze" to discern reality and explore human hearts. At the same time, the underage Netochka demonstrates insight beyond age, able to see through the hypocrisy of adults.