introduction

Explored the profound impact of Western colonialism on African society, especially in the field of education, and pointed out that African countries are still influenced by colonial education after independence, leading to the weakening of national cultural traditions and national independence consciousness. Postcolonial theory is used to critically examine colonialism and its impact, with postcolonialism in the field of education focusing on policy changes, localization, and cultural diversity. As a country with a relatively complete education system among West African countries, Senegal's primary education situation can reflect its education policies and concepts after independence. At present, research mainly focuses on basic courses, informal education, and language conditions, while there is a lack of research on the situation of public and private primary schools, as well as related studies in China. This article aims to review the current situation of primary education in Senegal and analyze its trend towards decolonization and independent development.

1、 The development dilemma of primary schools in Senegal under the influence of colonialism

Deeply explored the development challenges faced by primary education in Senegal under the influence of colonialism. The national education report funded by the World Bank reveals the current situation of primary education in Senegal, including the widespread backwardness of infrastructure and teaching conditions, unsatisfactory quality and effectiveness of education, and insufficient motivation for primary school construction. The report points out that the utilitarian and progressive nature of French colonial education had a negative impact on the development of education in Africa, resulting in Senegal still relying on the educational resources of its former suzerain country after independence, lacking its own educational capabilities and advantages.

2、 Primary school cases continuously influenced by France

By analyzing two primary schools in Senegal - Vanne French Senegal Primary School and Jean Mermoz French Middle School Primary Department, this study explores the sustained influence of France on primary education in Senegal. Van En French Senegal Primary School, as a public school, is jointly operated by Senegal and France, with support from French funding and management models, and its educational level is higher than the local average. The school has complete facilities and students come from diverse cultural backgrounds, resulting in relatively high tuition fees. As a private school directly managed by AEFE, Jean Mermoz French Middle School Primary School has a beautiful campus environment, abundant teaching resources, emphasizes English teaching, and tuition fees are more expensive.

3、 Measures for decolonization and development of primary education in Senegal

Explored the measures for decolonization and development of primary education in Senegal. Senegal has taken a series of optimization measures to address the problems in primary education in the context of postcolonialism. Firstly, Senegal is committed to improving the quality of teaching and participating in international educational activities such as PDEF and PASEC to narrow the gap in student achievement. Secondly, Senegal pays attention to the diversity and balance of religious education, introduces religious education content through localization reforms, establishes French Arabic schools, and promotes the modernization of Quranic schools. In addition, Senegal vigorously promotes the development of ethnic languages, organizes local language scripts, gradually incorporates them into primary school curricula, and increases the participation of ethnic languages in education. At the same time, Senegal has taken localization as its reform direction, established a unified national basic education curriculum, introduced new courses based on cultivating abilities, and published French language textbooks suitable for the country. These measures have achieved certain results in the development of education quality, religious education, ethnic languages, and basic curriculum, but still face development difficulties and the impact of France on primary education in Senegal. Senegal is still exploring more effective decolonization measures.

conclusion

Explored the complexity and challenges of decolonization in primary education in Senegal, and pointed out that educational development needs to be adjusted according to national and international situations. Emphasis was placed on the importance of primary education in shaping national consciousness, as well as the localization process of traditional culture under the influence of foreign cultures. Discussed the unique role of Wolof language in education and the necessity of seeking a balance between ethnic languages and French. Identify the multilingual and multicultural characteristics brought about by the internationalization of education, as well as the multicultural respect and knowledge system diversity of postcolonial education. Homi Baba's concept of mixed cultural space is cited to question colonial ideology. The modernization process of education in Senegal reflects a microcosm of African countries seeking development paths through cultural collisions.