The discussion centers on the significance of the Global South in the process of globalization and its manifestation in literary creation. The works of Indian author Amitav Ghosh are regarded as emblematic of the rise of Global South literature, characterized by decolonization and decentralization, reflecting the political-economic aspirations and cultural awakening of the Global South. Ghosh's *Gun Island* exemplifies Global South consciousness through themes of Indian Ocean migration history, climate change, and the deconstruction of Western modernity discourse. The novel, via its protagonist's adventures, unveils the history of 17th-century climate disasters and trans-Indian Ocean migration, as well as its contemporary recurrence. Existing research focuses on the novel's portrayal of climate change, refugee plight, and narrative techniques but overlooks the historical continuity of the Indian Ocean and Global South consciousness. This paper aims to explore the construction of Global South consciousness in the novel through spatial and narrative dimensions, reflecting on the limitations of India's Global South imagination and offering insights for literary works engaging with global social issues.

A Pluralistic and Inclusive Transboundary Space

Amitav Ghosh's *Gun Island* employs the Indian Ocean as a central motif, showcasing its transboundary nature and pluralistic inclusivity. Drawing from personal experiences and regional history, Ghosh depicts the Indian Ocean as a tangible living space, contrasting with the discourse of modern nation-states. He emphasizes the continuity, heterogeneity, and complexity of the Indian Ocean, revealing the tension between shared historical-cultural memory and modern nation-state narratives. Ghosh's work seeks to revive the transboundary essence of the Indian Ocean, creating space for conflict and heterogeneity within globalization. His earlier works reconstruct trans-Indian Ocean migration from multiple angles, portraying the Indian Ocean as an inclusive world that tolerates differences distinct from Western maritime civilization. *Gun Island* constructs a complex, continuous transboundary space through migration and climate change, highlighting the intrinsic historical and cultural continuity of the Indian Ocean region. The novel connects the legend of a gun merchant with contemporary migrant stories, illustrating the region's way of life and cultural exchange. Climate change provides a horizontal thread, exposing the hubris of anthropocentrism and critiquing Western modernity. The overlapping of migration history and climate change creates an Indian Ocean space transcending boundaries between past and present, human and non-human, and Western and non-Western, offering new perspectives on modernity crises, human subjectivity, and globalization.

From Local to Global: Transformative Narration

Amitav Ghosh emphasizes the power of narrative in his works, arguing that literary forms like realism and magical realism fail to fully capture human predicaments, necessitating narrative breakthroughs. In *The Great Derangement*, he critiques the absurdity of relegating climate change to sci-fi or speculative genres in realist traditions, while climate fiction remains constrained by predictable tropes, ill-suited to the complexities of the Anthropocene. Ghosh advocates for writers to expand narrative discourse with extraordinary imagination, using characters to examine historical events closely, constructing specific spatiotemporal contexts to perceive a world of holistic meaning. His creative philosophy follows a dynamic logic from hybrid reality to finite text to infinite perception, shaping characters as narrative nodes whose interactions build a complex, ambiguous metanarrative world free from narrow perspectives.

In *Gun Island*, Ghosh employs a multi-temporal, multi-perspective, and multi-subjective narrative mode, providing structural and dynamic support for the Indian Ocean's global vision. Aligning with the transboundary nature of the Indian Ocean, the novel constructs a dynamic process from nodes to superimposition, accommodating heterogeneity while highlighting overarching coherence. Nodes are centers where diverse relationships converge, integrating heterogeneous elements, geographic spaces, and multiple perspectives through key characters, legitimizing human actions. All characters with migratory trajectories in the novel—Deen, Piyali, Tipu, Rafi—embody multiplicity, symbolizing intertwined relationships. Cinta, the most complete and exceptional node, is endowed with omniscience, linking all characters and locations as the story's culmination.

Coincidences and unexpected plot twists collide and superimpose nodal characters, creating entanglements. Two pivotal coincidences bridge history and present, human and non-human, Western and non-Western narratives into an organic whole, reinforcing the convergence of Venice-Sundarbans and Mediterranean-Indian Ocean spaces. These coincidences allow readers to glimpse broader connections from fragmented events, elevating limited perspectives to a grander scale. Climate change injects momentum into the dynamic narrative structure, serving as both backdrop and catalyst for nodal interactions. Its temporal continuity dissolves inequalities among relational entities or nodes, fostering a collective narrative perspective on shared crises.

*Gun Island*'s narrative inherits Ghosh's logic of distilling finite subjects from hybrid relations and forming macro perspectives through their interactions. Climate change integrates the novel's migratory characters, spatial shifts, and perspective transitions, aided by coincidences and chain reactions, accentuating a collective narrative of shared crisis. The narrative mode, seeking compromise amid diversity, mirrors the Indian Ocean's transboundary nature while enabling its expansion, reinforcing the holistic agency of life-earth interaction and realizing a transformative mechanism to view global predicaments from an Indian Ocean standpoint.

Emotional Bonds and Internal Contradictions in Global South Imagination

*Gun Island* presents a forward-looking Global South vision through spatial and narrative transformation, emphasizing intimacy as the organizing principle of the Indian Ocean network, connecting diverse transboundary characters, spaces, and emotions. Emotional bonds manifest in depictions of "love for the other" and altruism, such as Deen's hopefulness and goodwill on the eve of rescuing refugees. Intimacy not only accommodates heterogeneity and conflict but also subverts Western-centric discourse, offering emotional solace. Human-land-animal bonds form the foundation of intimacy, while climate crises disrupt them. Technology is portrayed as a tool for building intimacy, enabling escape from Western systems toward egalitarian exchange. Storytelling activates innate human affinity, fostering inclusive communication. However, contradictions in Global South imagination arise, such as回避 (avoidance) of economic inequality and political fragility, and overlooking multicultural coexistence. The novel's vision relies on "powerful" benevolence rather than Southern self-reliance and struggle, reflecting inherent contradictions. *Gun Island* imbues Global South consciousness with new meaning through Indian Ocean writing while revealing tensions between India's international posture and practice.